医学博士英语写作总结一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。
二、现场写作技巧①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。
②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。
③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇1.下降、减少reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase;2.禽流感H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全food safety;3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies;应急反应immediate response to;4.关注民生concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’slivelihood/well-being;5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system；7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食；9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borne infectious disease：12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome；13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热；14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable,contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable；communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的;communicativea. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flutransmits by air/wind；person to person transmission17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate19.福祉well-being, happiness；20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压hypertension23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康sub-health24.过劳死karoshi; death from overwork25.长期以来for a long time ; over the years26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in goodhealth27.分类be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according totheir origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/beroughly classified into three kinds.28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations；基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basicrule or principle;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。
morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。
morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。
ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator;copartner; coagent;31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying fromThe death toll is expected to rise. The death tollcontinues to rise.There have been more deaths from drowning.How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？32.归结为boil down to；come downto；归因为/归功于be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to;归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial,seemingly;因果关系cause-and-effect relationship,causal relationship/relations;孤立现象an isolated phenomenon；复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；极端复杂性extreme/ exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances；养老保险endowment insurance；退休养老金retirement pension；Health Care Reform医疗改革36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity；37.月经期menstrual period38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care40.安乐死euthanasia；41.得绝症的terminally ill；42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntarysmoking” or “passive smoking”.摘要作文写作模板对某个生活或卫生习惯的告戒或提示类的文章一、正面陈述问题一、第一段的第一句，也就是全文的主题句（topic sentence of the whole summary）：用中文总结出来一句：本文揭示了/说明了一个问题。
：This article reveals that_____________ has become one of the prominent issues which are closelyrelated with people’s health/ of the modern Chinese society/inthe area of antibiotics alone.如早餐问题已经成为了与人们健康息息相关的突出问题；或也可以说成了社会问题；也可以说成了某个领域的问题(抗生素领域)。
Most people take it forgranted that ____ should _____. However, it is not always the case.很多人都想当然地认为什么应该怎么样。
然而事实并非如此。
（这几个句子要看情况，并不是都有用的，如果文章中出现了这样的句子“很多人都想当然觉得早餐不是那么重要-Most peopletake it for granted that breakfast is not significant”，但是实际上不是这样的，那么就可以用到这个句子）Scientists found that these problems are actuallycaused by _irrational diets and eating habits__. （科学家们发现这些问题是由什么引起的，如老年人的心脏血管等问题，然而实际上是因为不当饮食习惯造成的）This is indicated in a survey recently made in shanghaiby who.（该观点由谁在上海做的一个调查报告中可以得出），也就是如果你这篇文章是由卫生部的报告（report）中得出的，或指出的，那么就可以这么写。