高中英语语法第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语 .宾语 .表语 .同位语 .介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 .宾语从句 .表语从句和同位语从句。
一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
例如：a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。
（强调句型）d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。
（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that …事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) It is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that…很自然…It is strange that…奇怪的是…(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that…似乎…It happened that…碰巧…It appears that…似乎…(4) It ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that…据报道…It has been proved that…已证实…It is said that…据说…3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
例如：正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。
例如：a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。
例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。
也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
如：正确表达：I admire their winning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
例如：正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
例如：I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外，常用的还有the reason is that…和It is because 等结构。
例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）名词性从句专项练习1. ______ he does has nothing to do with me.A. whateverB. No matter whatC. ThatD. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how______A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is ______ makes thing work..A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that4. Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as5. This is ______ the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. thereB. in whichC. whereD. when6. They have no idea at all ______.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he goneD. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ______ he would die of the disease.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. of that8. The order came ______ the soldiers______ the small village the next morning.A. that ; had to leaveB. that ; should leaveC. /; must leaveD. when; should leave9. ______ is no possibility______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whetherD. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. Is ______ he said really true?A. thatB. whatC. whyD. whether12. ______ the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A. ThatB. WhetherC. IfD. Where13. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.A. whileB. ifC. thatD. for14. ______ more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If15. ______ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. If16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoD. How17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A. What; whatB. That; thatC. what; thatD. That ; what18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That19. It is widely______ that smoking can cause cancer.A. believedB. thinkC. sayD. hoped20. ______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where21. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why22. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. that23. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether25. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever26. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.A. whateverB. whicheverC. wheneverD. wherever27. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why28. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. when29. It doesn’t matter ______you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A. whetherB. howC. ifD. when30. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that31. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.A. whereverB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever32. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether33. I made a promise to myself ___this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. how34. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how35. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom36. The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why37. There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishesanything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why40. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. which41. The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which42. It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A. thatB. howC. whenD. why43. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what44. Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A. whyB. howC. whatD. which45. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read fast.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why46. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where47.I’d like to start my own business----that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. what48. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with amodern hotel or not.A. whetherB. whenC. whichD. where49. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that50. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why51. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.A. howB. whatC. WhenD. which52. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. WhetherB. WhatC. ThatD. How53. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering54. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where55. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. how56. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s _______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whenD. what57. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. whether58. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though59. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who60. Having checked the doors were closed，and all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. whyB. thatC. whenD. whereKeys:1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA 21—25 BDDCD 26—30ABCAD 1—35 CBCBB 36—40ADDDC 41—45 CDDCC 46—50CCABA 51—55BBBDC 56—60DBCCC名词性从句在写作中的应用1. We were driving out into the country, and we saw our English teacher riding in abus, and the bus was crowded._______________________________________________________________________2. ①Kate is a new student.②She comes from a northern province.③She speaks a dialect.④We find it hard to understand her dialect______________________________________________________________________3. ①Not everyone is good at learning English.②Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at thesame time.③This will affect their Chinese study.___________________________________________________________________4①There are many wrongly-written characters in students’compositions.②They often use web languages when chatting on line.___________________________________________________________________________5. ①They have much homework to do every day.②They fail to memorize the new characters___________________________________________________________________________语言知识综合能力练习01I'd been travelling for long hours on a lonely country road when I had a flat tyre．So I had to stop and get the tools to 36 the problem．It certainly wasn't 37 doing this with a white shirt and suit on．Nightfall was approaching．Suddenly a car pulled 38 from behind me．A man got out and offered to 39 me．Seeing his unpleasant appearance and tattoos （纹身）on his arm, I became 40 as thoughts of robberies flashed through my mind．But 41 I could say anything he had already begun to take the tools to change the 42 ．While watching him I happened to look back at his car and noticed someone sitting in the passenger seat．This had 43 me．Then, without 44 , it began to rain．He suggested that I wait in his car because my car was unsafe．As the rain increased, getting us wet within seconds I 45 agreed．When I settled into the back seat, a woman's voice came from the front seat．"Are you all right?" She turned around to me．"Yes, I am," I replied with much 46 when seeing an old woman there．It must be his Mom, I thought．To my 47 , the old woman was a neighbor of the man who was helping me．"Jeff insisted on stopping when he saw you 48 with the tyre．" "I am grateful for his help," I said．" Me, too!" she said with a smile．He helped drive her to see her husband twice a week in a nursing home．She also said that he 49 at the church and tutoreddisadvantaged students．The rain stopped and Jeff and I changed the tyre．I tried to offer him money and of course he _50__ it．It was shameful that I judged people by the way they 51 As we shook hands I began to apologize for my 52 . He said, "I experience that same 53 often. People who look like me don't do nice things．I54 thought about changing the way．But then I saw this as a chance to make a55 . So I'll leave you with the same question I ask everyone who takes time to know me．If Jesus returned tomorrow and walked among us again, would you recognize Him by what He wore or by what He did?"36．A．find B．make C．fix D．avoid 37．A．useful B．easy C．wise D．lucky 38．A．up B．out C．on D．round 39．A．carry B．lift C．drive D．help 40．A．discouraged B．frightened C．disappointed D．astonished 41．A．when B．until C．as D．before 42．A．tyre B．suit C．expression D．shirt 43．A．embarrassed B．concerned C．discouraged D．puzzled 44．A．warning B．realizing C．knowing D．waiting 45．A．directly B．happily C．hurriedly D．unwillingly 46．A．fear B．satisfaction C．relief D．excitement 47．A．regret B．amusement C．surprise D．delight 48．A．working B．repairing C．fighting D．struggling49．A．studied B．performed C．grew D．volunteered 50．A．refused B．kept C．ignored D．left 51．A．behaved B．spoke C．looked D．thought 52．A．selfishness B．stupidity C．weakness D．disability 53．A．life B．incident C．reaction D．change 54．A．hardly B．actually C．finally D．probably 55．A．point B．start C．remark D．comparison第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点 .难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一 .It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间 .天气 .气候 .距离等自然现象……二 .It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句 .动词不定式 .动名词，而把真正作主语的从句 .动词不定式 .动名词置于句尾。