Unit 4 Earthquakes【学习目标】掌握本单元的常用词汇表达。
【学习重难点】熟练记住常用词汇与词组。
【学习方法】速读、细读、归纳、练习【学习内容】一、重点词汇1.burst vt. & vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
[例句探源]①He felt he would burst with anger and shame.他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
②Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.消防队员撞开门，把他们救了出来。
③Scarcely had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst out crying/burst into tears.她一听到迈克尔·杰克逊死亡的消息，就失声痛哭起来。
[即境活用]完成句子(1)他没敲门就闯进房间。
He ________ ________ ________ ________without knocking at the door.答案：burst into the room(2)我走了进去，所有的人都突然放声大笑起来。
I walked in and everyone________ ________ ________.答案：burst out laughing2. injure vt. 损害；伤害Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。
[例句探源]①Two men were severely injured trying to save a 5yearold girl from a pit bull.两名男子奋力从比特犬嘴下救出一名五岁小女孩时身受重伤。
②Your words may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
③The injured were sent to hospital right away.伤员被立即送往医院。
[易混辨析]wound，injure，hurt，harm(1)wound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤。
(2)injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤，其宾语常为健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
(3)hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“痛”的意思。
(4)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。
①About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.②One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.③What really hurt me was that he never answered my letters.④Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.[即境活用]2．Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22________and 13 ________ in the coal mine gas explosion.A．injuring；trappingB．injured；trappedC．injured；trappingD．injuring；trapped解析：选B。
考查省略和被动语态。
miners与injure和trap之间都是被动关系，所以句子要用被动语态。
该句是一个省略句，补充完整为：Unfortunately，at least...,22 miners were injuredand 13 miners were trapped in the...。
句意：不幸的是，在这起煤矿瓦斯爆炸中，至少有20人死亡，22人受伤，13人被困。
3. ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃n．[C](pl.)废墟；遗迹v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。
[例句探源]①That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
②Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
③The war brought the country to ruin.战争毁灭了这个国家。
[即境活用]3．It rained for two weeks on end，completely________ our holiday.A．ruined B．to ruinC．ruining D．was ruined解析：选C。
句意：大雨连续不停地下了两周，完全毁了我们的假期。
ruining为现在分词作状语，表结果。
4．________is no wonder that the building is________ now；it was so big a fire last night.A．It；in ruins B．That；in ruinsC．There；in ruins D．It；in ruin解析：选A。
“It is no wonder that...”是固定句式，表示“难怪……”；be/lay in ruins是固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。
4. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。
[例句探源]①Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
②He buried his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣。
③Since she left，he's buried himself in his work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
④She had learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。
[即境活用]5．他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
________ ________ ________ ________，he didn't know that all the others had left.答案：Buried/Absorbed in his study5. judge v．断定；判断；判决n．裁判员；法官；评判员Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。
[例句探源]①Don't judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人。
②Judging by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。
③As far as I can judge，all of them are to blame.依我看，他们都应承担责任。
【温馨提示】judging from/by表示“从……上看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。
[即境活用]6．I haven't read all of his books before，but________ from the one I have read，I think he's avery promising writer.A．judged B．judgingC．determining D．determined解析：选B。
judging from...是固定短语，常在句中作状语。
不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用judging from形式。
7．I shall make my own________ on this matter when I see the result.A．justice B．judgementC．intention D．conclusion解析：选B。
“作出判断”用make one's judgment。
justice公正，公平；intention打算，意图；conclusion结论，常和动词draw，reach，arrive at，come to等搭配。
二、重点词组1. at an end结束；终结It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！[例句探源]①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②By the end of last year，he had learned two thousand English words.到去年年底为止，他已学了2000个英语单词。
③They decided to put an end to the quarrel.他们决定结束争吵。
④Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.他们失业了，还要养活两个小孩，他们发现无法维持起码的生活。
[即境活用]8．I'm sorry to say that our food is almost________. We can't survive if there is no one to help us.A．by the end B．at the endC．in the end D．at an end解析：选D。