中国翻译史
第五次高潮是第二次世界大战结束以来的翻译活动。翻译不再只限 于宗教和文学领域,而是迅速地深入到科技,教育,艺术,商业, 旅游等社会生活的各个方面;翻译不再只由少数学者独领风骚, 而成为一门吸引人的职业,众多受过专门训练的翻译工作者为人类 语言文化的交流辛勤地工作。人们不仅对翻译科学,翻译艺术, 翻译技巧进行深入细致的探讨,而且发展了机器翻译,利用人工智能 协助交际,翻译在西方文明的发展中正发挥着越来越大的作用。
翻译的基本内容
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翻译史 翻译的理论基础
翻译的方法和技巧 翻译实践
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中国的翻译史(四次翻译高潮) 中国的翻译史(四次翻译高潮)
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佛经翻译 科技翻译
西方政治思想和文学的翻译
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马克思主义的传播, 马克思主义的传播,五四之后
佛经翻译 道 安
总结了比较完善的直 译原则
玄
奘
他是公认的佛经 翻译大师。 翻译大师。他亲 自去印度取经, 自去印度取经, 带回经书600余卷, 600余卷 带回经书600余卷, 其中一半以上由 他译出。 他译出。他主张 以”信“为本兼 顾其它的翻译思 想。
3. Domestication 归化 It refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers. So it is target-languageculture-oriented. 4. Foreignization 异化 It designates the type of translation in which a target text deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. It is source-language-culture-oriented.
1. Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated. 希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的,可是不过 几年,就被彻底击败了。 (page 13)
2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character
with that of the original. 译文的风格,笔调应与原文的性质相同; 译文的风格,笔调应与原文的性质相同;
3) The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
4. The rewards for the Chinese people are clear, most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Beijing and the coastal cities. 中国人民的获得的实惠显而易见,北京和沿海城市的勃勃生 机和繁荣兴旺就是最明显的见证。 5. I would draw a further conclusion, which I believe is central to assessing China’s future place in the world economy. 我想进一步得出结论,我认为这个结论对于评估中国今后在 世界经济中的地位是至关重要的。
8. She could not desert Tara; she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her. (Gone with the Wind) 她不能放弃塔拉;这块红土地是属于她的,而她更是永远属 于这块红土地。 9.High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. 在北京,高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes. 凭着我的决心,我的运气,还有许多善良人们的帮助,我终 于获得新生。
Tytler’s Three-point Translation Principle
1) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容; 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容;
Newmark’s definition: Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.
Exercises
Translate the following into Chinese by using the translation approaches you have just learnt. 1. Kodak is Olympic color. (Ad for Kodak ) 柯达 – 奥林匹克的颜色。 2. Challenge the Limits. (SAMSUNG) 挑战极限。 3. Think again. Think Canon. (Canon Camera) 梦寐以求是佳能。
慧
远
科技翻译
徐光启和利玛窦合译了6卷 徐光启和利玛窦合译了6 欧几里得的几何原本,还 欧几里得的几何原本, 独译了不少天文地理等方 面的著作。 面的著作。
徐光启
利玛窦
西方政治思想和文学的翻译
严
复
他提出“ 他提出“信,达,雅” 的翻译标准。 的翻译标准。
林
纾
他和他的合作者 以口述笔记的方式 译了一百六十多部 文学作品。 文学作品。
译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。
Major Translation Approaches
1. Literal Translation Approach 直译 It treats sentences as basic units and at the same time takes the whole passage into consideration; a translator who attaches great importance to literal translation does his or her best to reproduce the ideas and writing styles of the original work, retaining in the version as many rhetorical devices and sentence structure of the original as possible.
2. Liberal Translation Approach 意译 It is supplementary to literal translation. It is employed for the purpose of expressing the original meaning instead of reproducing the original sentence structure or rhetorical device. Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗? If you are unfair to me, I will certainly hang out all your dirty linen. 你要是待我不公平,我就把你那些丑事都抖露出去。
Nida’s definition: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
马克思主义的传播, 马克思主义的传播,五四之后 鲁 迅
他是翻译工作上理论与实践 相结合的典范。 相结合的典范。他对翻译标 准的主要观点是: 准的主要观点是:“凡是翻 必须兼顾着两面, 译,必须兼顾着两面,一当 然力求易解 易解, 然力求易解,一则保存着原 丰姿。 作的丰姿 作的丰姿。”
傅
雷
临画,所求的不在形似而在神似。 临画,所求的不在形似而在神似。
西方翻译史中四种主要的翻译研究方法
1 语文学翻译法 (philological approach)
2 语言学翻译法(linguistic approacቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ)
3 交际学翻译法(communication approach)
4 社会符号学翻译法(sociosemiotic approach)
Definitions of translation