语法术语英汉对照表(总汇)■A■abstract noun 抽象名词active voice 主动态adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰性状语，结合性附加语adverb 副词adverbial 状语adverbial clause of condition 条件状语分句adverbial clause of purpose 目的状语分句adverbial clause of cause 原因状语分句adverbial clause of result 结果状语分句affix 词缀agreement／concord 一致关系alternative question 选择疑问句anaphoric reference 后照应antecedent 先行项aspect 体assertive word 肯定词auxiliary verb／auxiliary 助动词■B■basic clause pattern 基本句型be- passive be-型被动态be- subjunctive be-型虚拟式bound morpheme 粘附词素broad reference 广阔照应■C■cardinal numeral 基数词cataphoric reference 前照应central determiner 中位限定词classifier 类别词clausal ellipsis 分句性省略clausal substitution 分句性替代clause 分句，从句cleft sentence 分裂句climax 层进法closed-class word 封闭性词类collective noun 集体名词command 祈使句common gender 通性common noun 普通名词complement 补语complex clause 复杂分句complex object 复杂宾语complex sentence 复杂句compound complex sentence 并列复杂句compound sentence 并列句compound word 复合词coherence 连贯性cohesion 粘着性conditional 条件句conjunct 连接性状语，连接性附加语conjunction 连词content word 实义词contextual meaning 上下文意义coordination 并列Co-reference 共指关系Co-reference pro-form 指代词countable noun 可数名词count noun 计数名词■D■dangling modifier 无依着修饰语deep structure 深层结构definite article 定冠词definite specific reference 确定特指demonstrative determiner 指示限定词demonstrative pronoun 指示代词demonstrative reference 指示照应dependent clause 附属分句derivative 派生词descriptive grammar 描写语法determiner 限定词direct object 直接宾语direct speech 直接引语discourse 篇章，语篇disjunct 评注性状语，分离性附加语double negation 双重否定downtoner 弱化词dynamic verb 动态动词■E■earlier time 先时性-ed participle clause -ed分词分句ellipsis 省略emphasizer 强化词end focus 句尾焦点end weight 句尾重心exclamation 感叹句existential sentence 存在句explanatory conditional 解说性条件句external negation 外部否定■F■fall 降调fall-rise 降升调feminine gender 阴性finite clause 限定分句finite verb 限定动词finite verb phrase 限定动词词组first person 第一人称focal element 焦点成分form 形free morpheme 自由词素fronting 前置full sentence 完全句functional word 功能词future in the past 过去将来时间■G■gender 性general question 一般疑问句generic reference 类指genitive case 属格get-passive get- 型被动态given information 已知信息grammar 语法grammatical connector 语法纽带grammatical meaning 语法意义■H■headword 中心词hierarchical structure 层次结构hypothetical meaning 假设意义hypothetical past time 假设性过去时间hypothetical present time 假设性现在时间■I■imaginary present time 想象性现在时间implicational conditional 引申性条件句implied conditional 含蓄条件句indefinite article 不定冠词indefinite personal pronoun 不定人称代词indefinite pronoun 不定代词indefinite specific reference 非确定特指independent clause 独立分句indirect object 间接宾语indirect speech 间接引语individual noun 个体名词infinitive clause 不定式分句inflection 屈折变化information focus 信息中心-ing participle clause -ing分词分句interjection 感叹词internal negation 内部否定interrogative pronoun 疑问代词intransitive verb 不及物动词inversion 倒装■K■kernel sentence 核心句■L■later time 后时性lexical connector 词汇纽带lexical meaning 词汇意义linear structure 线性结构linking verb 连系动词logical connector 逻辑纽带logical necessity 逻辑必然low-rise 低升调■M■main clause 主句main verb 主动词marginal modal auxiliary 边际情态助动词masculine gender 阳性mass noun 不可数名词material noun 物质名词meaning 义minor sentence 不完全句modal auxiliary 情态助动词modification 修饰morpheme 词素morpheme word 单词素词multi-word verb 多词动词■N■negative word 否定词neuter gender 中性new information 新信息nominal ellipsis 名词性省略nominal substitution 名词性替代non-assertive word 非肯定词non-finite clause 非限定分句non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词词组non-restrictive modifier 非限制性修饰语noun 名词noun genitive 名词属格noun modifier 名词修饰语noun phrase 名词词组nucleus 调心Nucleus pattern 调心型■O■object 宾语object complement 宾语补语objective case 宾格obligation 义务of- genitive of-属格one-member sentence 单成分句open-class word 开放性词类operator 操作词ordinal numeral 序数词■P■paragraph 段落parallel construction 平行结构passive voice 被动态past perfective 过去完成体past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体past progressive 过去进行体past tense 过去时perfective aspect 完成体permission 许可personal pronoun 人称代词personal reference 人称照应phonology 语音（语音学、音位学）phrasal-prepositional verb 词组介词动词phrasal verb 词组动词phrase 词组possessive determiner 物主限定词possessive pronoun 物主代词possibility 可能postdeterminer 后位限定词postmodifier 后置修饰语postponement 后置predeterminer 前位限定词predicate 谓语predicate verb 谓语动词predictability 预测prefix 前缀premodifier 前置修饰语preposition 介词prepositional verb 介词动词prescriptive grammar 规定语法present-future time 与现在时间有联系的将来时间present perfective 现在完成体present perfective progressive 现在完成进行体present progressive 现在进行体present tense 现在时primary auxiliary 基本助动词primary derivative 原始派生词pro-form 替代词progressive aspect 进行体pronoun 代词pronoun reference 代词照应proper noun 专有名词pseudo-cleft sentence“拟似”分裂句pure future time 单纯将来时间■Q■question 疑问句■R■real conditional 真实条件句real past time 真实性过去时间real present time 真实性现在时间reference 照应关系reflexive pronoun 反身代词relative adverb 关系副词relative clause 关系分句relative determiner 关系限定词relative pronoun 关系代词restrictive modifier 限制性修饰语rhetoric 修辞rhetorical question 修辞疑问句■S■same time 同时性second person 第二人称semantics 语义（语义学）semi-auxiliary 半助动词semi-negative word 半否定词sentence 句子sentence group 语段，句群sentence modifier 句子修饰语simple clause 简单分句simple past 一般过去时simple present 一般现在时simple sentence 简单句situational meaning 情景意义sound 音special question 特殊疑问句specific reference 特指split infinitive 分裂不定式squinting modifier 偏斜修饰语statement 陈述句stative verb 静态动词structural meaning 结构意义structural word 结构词style disjunct 方式评注性状语subject 主语subject complement 主语补语subjective case 主格subordinate clause 从句subordination 从属substitution 替代substitution pro-form 替代词suffix 后缀surface structure 表层结构■T■tag question 附加疑问句tense 时tense system 时制third person 第三人称time 时间tone unit 语调组trailing sentence 拖沓句transferred epithet 转移修饰语transitive verb 及物动词■U■uncountable noun 不可数名词unique reference 独指unity 统一性unreal conditional 非真实条件句■V■verb 动词verb phrase 动词词组verbal ellipsis 动词性省略verbal substitution 动词性替代verbless clause 无动词分句volition 意志■W■were-subjunctive were-型虚拟式wh- question wh-问句whenever-type conditional whenever-型条件句word 词■Y■yes-no question 是非问句■Z■zero article 零冠词。