一、名词(n.)1.分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数,专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。
如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)2.②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,zoos,radios⑤zero变复数时zeros/zer oes3.wife——wives thief--thieves(roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scar fs/scarves)(二)代词1.请翻译:我,你和她都是好朋友。
.You, she and I are good f riends.2.请翻译:我们,你们和他们都喜欢音乐。
We, you and they all like music.注意:当I与其他词语一起并列作主语时,I要放在后面,但承认错误时,I要放在前面如:She and I are in the same school.她和我在同一个学校。
I and he make mistakes.我和他犯了错误。
(三)反身代词say to oneself自言自语.learn...by oneself自学…leave one by oneself把某人单独留下hurt oneself伤了自己dress oneself自己穿衣服come to oneself苏醒过来(四)相互代词①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。
eg.For years,the two sisters looked after one another(each o ther).多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。
We should learn from each other.我们应当互相学习。
②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s,one another’s互相的,彼此的eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。
(五)不定代词的用法(考点,难点)1.few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。
a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。
2.any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句eg.There isn't any water left.没有剩下一点水。
If you have any questions,put up your hands。
please.如果有问题,请举手3.one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法1.one……the other表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”2.one ………another表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。
3.one ……the others强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。
4.some…… the others表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。
5.others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。
eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watch ing TV at home6.another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。
4.当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。
eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗?Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。
5.疑问代词的用法。
(1)who/whom 谁(指人).①作主语eg. Who wants to go with him?②作宾语eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介词for的宾语)eg.Who/Whom do you want to meet?(作动词meet的宾语)③作表语eg.Who/Whom are they?(2)whose谁的①作定语eg.Whose pen is this?②作表语eg.Whose is this pen?(3)which哪一个,哪一些①作定语eg.Which girl is Kathy?②作表语eg.Which is the boy’s ball?(4)what什么①作主主语eg.What’s on the table?②作宾语eg. What are you doing?③作表语eg.What is he?④作定语eg.What class are you in?4.关系代词的用法关系代词用来引起定语从句,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词,另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。
eg·This is the man who gave me the book.这就是给我书的那个人。
The money that/which is on the table is mine.桌上的钱是我的。
The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table.我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。
四.1.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。
eg.She has something important to tell us./There’s nothing wrong in the sentence.2.如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
如,The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。
③表示甲在某方面不如乙:“A+系动词+not as/so+形容i司原级+as十B”eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.“A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does.⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。
eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.这儿比我的老家热得多。
The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。
五、冠词(art.)⑤固定搭配。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an,have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour,three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo2.定冠词的用法定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。
特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率。
用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in theend,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the w ay,On theway tO,the(more)...the(more)…“越…越…”3.不用冠词的情况下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限;专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
eg.That girl is my friend.(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.(3)名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.Which man is Mr Green?Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.(9)在人名、地名前不用。
Eg. Tina,China,Tian an men Square,Beijing University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon,at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,go to school,go to bed,at last4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)take place(发生);take the place(代替)六、数词of hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上"又—",“再一”eg: He tried a second time.他又试了—次.Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次)6.一般编码用名词+ 基数词207房Room 207三年级一班Class One Grade Three第五部分Part Five = the fifth part第一课Lesson One = the first lesson3 号汽车Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus七、介词(一)表示时间的介词(1)at①接具体时间:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve②表示“在…时刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight(2)in①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”;eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后”eg.In ten years,I think I'll be a reporter.(3)on表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。