英语音标基础学习及练习 Prepared on 22 November 2020英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。
2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。
3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。
4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。
一个可以为单个元音（如I/a/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。
单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。
5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。
6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）。
7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。
用符号“’”表示。
8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。
音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1. 长短：/i:/ // /:/ // /:/ // /U:/ //2. 大小：/e/ // /ɑ:/ //3. I组：/e/ /a/ //4. U组：// /a/5. 组：// /e/ //清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ // /t/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/// /d/ /dr//dz/ /r/ /m July Junek /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake likel1./l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play2./l/ apple bowl tell old tail whalem /m/ am map my mouth milkn1./n/ no know new hand2.// thank think thing uncle swingp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policemanq /kw/ quite quilt quickr /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror librarys1./s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass2./z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plantv /v/ five very seven village livew /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter withx /ks/ box six fox relaxy1./ai /my fly why bye2./ j / yes yellow young yesterday3./ i /happy baby very windy snowy studyz / z / zoo zero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai /ei/waitpaintay /ei/ may play day sayair/ε / air hair chairal /:/ tall small ballar /α: / farther farm car armea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ②/e/ head bread ready ③/i/theater ear ①/ i / earhearnear ②/ε/bear ③/:/earthee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeepeir /ε/ theirer ①//worker teacher ②/:/herere ①/i/here ②/ε/ where thereew ①/ju: / newfew ②/u: / flewgrewight /ai / right high brightir /: / bird girl shirt thirtyoa /u/ boat coatong /o/longsongoo ①/u/ book foot good ②/u:/ moon balloonor①/:/ short fork port ②/: / word world workoor /:/ doorfloorore /:/ more store soreou /au/ out house mouthour ①/:/ four your ②/au/ ourow ① /u/ bowlwindow ②/au/ now cow floweroy /oi/boytoyur /: /turn（二）辅音组合th ①/θ/ thankmouth ②/ δ/ this that withtr /tr/ tree train truckdr /dr/ dress driversh /∫/ shirt wash shortch ①/t∫/ child chair catch ②/ k / schoolChristmas ③/ dз/sandwich tw /tw/two twin twentywh ①/w/ white wheel what ②/h/ who whose whomts /ts/jacketskitesds /dz/birdsfriends（三）特殊组合tion /∫n/ question nation四、单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。
含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bd],dad[dd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny['fn]，famous['fems]由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[d'ls]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about['baut]。
有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。
如anybody['n,bɑd]。
双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dɑkj'mntr]，grandfather['grnd,fɑe]。
四．句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。
英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ ///bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will/pk/ /gp/ /tr/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /′hpi//′setl/ /di′pend/pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend2. /a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u//ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /st:m/ /n:t/ /fks/ /sk/ /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark/θt/ /prmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/thought promise loose took mood through pull wood3. // // ///dl/ /′hri/ /glf/ /′trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /′t:n/ /′beg/ /tk/dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /′merik / /′sk/ /′kmp/ /s′vei/ /p′veid/ /p′hps/curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps4. /ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i//keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /′mun/ /stun/ /′uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /′ist/rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster5. /i/ // /u//vi/ /′f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /′rurl/ /′pi/ /k′lmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia6. /θ/ /e//mnθ/ /θi:f/ /et/ /en/ /feiθ/ /t′gee/ /θk/ /em′selvz/month thief that than faith together thank themselves（二）、绕口令：1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.3.If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.5.If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watchWhich wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch6.She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she issure.二、笔头练习：（一）. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good( ) 5. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu( ) 6. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about( ) . too B．classroom C．broom D．afternoon( ) 11. A. yellow B．brown C．window D．know ( ) 12. A．these B．they C．brother D．three( ) 13. A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please ( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps（二）．根据音标写单词：[fa:] _______ [da:ns] _______ [mu:n] _______[kait] _______ [′hpinis ] _________ [′priti] _______[′fmili] _______ [t′gee] _______ [fks][tju:b] [flai] [flg] _______['mu:nkeik] _______ ['indi] _______ ['djuri] _______ [snu] _______ ['si:zn] _______ [di'lis] _______['jestdei] _______ [in'di]_______ ['mid,:tm] _______ [teind] _______ ['deind] ______ ['nizi] _______[mju(:)'zim] _______（三）根据音标写句子：1. au kla:s iz nt veri big . __________________________2. b t its aiz a: nt big . __________________________3. e a: siks kla:siz in greid wn .______________________________________________________ 4. wi: k n si: it t e zu: . ___________________________。