2．原因状语从句 在表示原因时，because语气最重，其次是as，since，now that，故在回答why问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能 用because。for是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明， 不能放在句首，for前要用逗号。 —Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 3．目的状语从句 (1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多 用can/could/may/might/will/would＋动词。 Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. (2)for fear that，in case，lest表示“以防，免得”。 He is working hard for fear that he should fail.
(4)表示因果关系的并列连词：so(所以)，for(因为)。 It is morning，for the birds are singing. 注意：then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，therefore(因此，所 以)等副词常可放在句首表示因果关系。 He was busy，therefore he could not come.
fortnight前，故选择B。
6．目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别 in order that可放在句首，只能引导目的状语从句；so that 引导目的或结果状语从句，不能放在句首。 试比较： He spoke so slowly that we all followed him.(结果状语从句) ＝He spoke slowly，so we all followed him. He spoke slowly so (in order) that we could all understand him.(目的状语从句)
4．条件状语从句 (1)providing/provided (that)假如，假若 Providing (that) no one has further questions，the meeting will be over. (2)on the understanding that＝on condition that在„„条件 下 I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.
解析
句意为：这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就突然开了，她的
朋友冲出去迎接她。before在„„之前，还没有„„；until直 到„„才；as当„„时候；since自从„„以来。根据句意选A 项。题干中hardly...before...为一固定句式，意思是“刚„„ 就„„”，相当于hardly...when...。
2．
B
A．Until
our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we (2010· 上海，39) D．After B．Unless C．If
shall accept him as a member.
解析
由句意“除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我
解析
句意为：那位老者要求露西坐另一把椅子，因为他想
与妻子紧挨着坐在一起。although虽然，尽管；unless除非； because因为；if如果。由句意知选C。
4．—It’s no use having ideas only. —Don’t worry.Peter can show you into an act. A．how C．what B．who D．where
2．从属连词 (1)引导名词性从句的从属连词 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词：that，whether和if， 这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；连接代词主要有： who，whom，whose，which，what等，它们在句中可作主语、 宾语、定语等；连接副词主要有：when，where，how，why 等，它们在句中可作状语。 We know (that) the earth goes round the sun. What we need is more time. That’s what I want.
(2)引导状语从句的从属连词 在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，也叫副词性从句。它修饰 谓语、非谓语动词、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引 导，可表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比 较、方式等。
二、状语从句 1．时间状语从句 (1)before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型： It is long before...(过了好久才„„) It is not long before...(过了不久就„„) (2)since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的 计算方法也不同。 since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起) since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起) It is two years since he joined the army. It is two years since he smoked.
们都应接受他成为其中一员。”可知答案。
3．The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair wanted to sit next to his wife. A．aess D．if
C
he
(2010· 辽宁，29)
5．Ten minutes earlier，and we could have caught the early bus. 6．You have failed two tests.You’d better start working harder， or you won’t pass the course. 7．Tom often has to be called several times before he comes downstairs for dinner. 8． Until I failed in English a third time，I had no doubt about my gift for foreign languages.
5．It just isn’t fair； A．whenever
D
I was working as a waiter last B．though
month，my friends were lying on the beach. (2009· 辽宁，30) C．for D．while 解析 句意为：这真不公平。上个月当我在做服务员的时候，
2．—Did your boss phone you again the next day? —No，it was a fortnight A．that
B
he gave me a second call.
B．before
C．when D．since 解析 根据句意，he gave me a second call应该发生在it was a
Ⅱ.单项填空 1．It is known to all that won’t keep good health. A．unless C．although B．whenever D．if
A
you exercise regularly，you
解析
根据句意，前一句应该是后一句内容产生的条件，A、
D两项均表条件，但如果选D，与常识不符，故选择A。
连词和状语从句
一、连词 1．并列连词 (1)表示联合关系的并列连词：and(和)，both...and...(既„„ 又„„)，neither...nor(既不„„也不„„)。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. (2) 表 示 转 折 关 系 的 并 列 连 词 ： but ， while( 而 ， 然 而 ) ， whereas(而)，nevertheless。 He is short，while his brother is tall. (3)表示选择关系的并列连词：or(或)，or else(否则)， otherwise(要不然)，either...or...(或„„或„„)。 You can either stay at home or go fishing.
5．结果状语从句 注意such引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。 试比较： This is such an interesting book that everyone likes to read it. This is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.
我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。表示“与此同时”用 while，引导 时间状语从句。
领悟语法
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空 1．Mum turned down my suggestion while Dad was in favor of my idea. 2．—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party? —No. Even if invited，I can’t go.I’ll be too busy then. 3．—Do you think the weather will be all right this summer? —No， unless we’re lucky.The newspaper says it’ll be very hot anyway. 4．The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates but a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.