语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。

一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。

须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。

注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。

还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。

还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。

还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。

有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。

英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。

这两种时态无被动形式。

另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。

即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。

下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。

被动语态（一般现在时）主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。

被动语态的口诀一般现、过用be +过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。

将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。

现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

1.一般现在时is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)2.一般过去时was\were+P.P3.一般将来时will be+P.P4.现在进行时is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P5.过去进行时was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P6.现在完成时have\has been+P.P7.过去完成时had been+P.P语法结构1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）与..事实相反If从句主句过去Had done Would* have done现在Were/did Would* do将来Should do/were/were to do Would* do例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we w ould have had a good harvest now. [过去] If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]备注：（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。

（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。

例句：He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反](3) if可转换为其他形式例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来](=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去](=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)2、wish结构与..事实相反过去Had done现在Were/did将来Would备注：可转换为其他形式。

例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]I wish I were a bird.I wish he handn' done that.I wish I would be rich in the future.3、should结构从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。

而且should可以省去。

用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。

例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.He insisted that he was honest.4、would rather ＋从句在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。

例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.5、主语从句中的虚拟语气1）It be + 形容词+ that ．．．（should）．．．用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,strange, surprising ．一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。

如：a pity，no wonder．．．．2）It be + 过去分词+ that ．．．（should）．．．．用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。

如：desired，suggested，requested，ordered，proposed等。

3）It is time（about time，high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。

其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。

另外连接从句的that不能省略。

例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。

"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。

"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。

下面详细举例说明之。

一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变例：１、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

２、主动：People regard him as brilliant.被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才华。

以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends 是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant 一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。

被动：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)这篇讲演是王的发言。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。