中国医药学：traditi onal Chines e me dicin e 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
TCM, a medical system with a history of thousands years，has summarized the experience of the Chinese people accumulating in the struggle against diseases.2.中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下，通过长期的医疗实践，逐步形成并发展为独特的医学理论体系。
Under the influence and guidance of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics,tradition Chinese medicine has eventually evolved into a medical system with unique theory through long term medical practice.3.中医学是研究人体生理病理以及疾病的诊断和防治的一门科学。
Tradition Chinese medicine is a science focusing on the study of the physiology and pathology of the human body as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease.4.黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗经验，确立了中医学独特的理论体系，成为中医药学发展的基础。
The Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has summed up the medical achievements and clinical experiences since the Spring-Autumn Period and Warring States ，establishing the unique theoretical system of TCM and laying the foundation for the development of TCM5.难经内容十分丰富，补充了内经的不足，成为后世指导临床实践的理论基础。
The Canon on Medical Problems is rich in content, supplementing what the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine lacks and serving as the theoretical basis for the clinical practice of the latter generations6.阴常有余，阳常不足。
Yang is frequently in excess while yin is often in deficiency7.温病是研究四时温病的发生发展规律以及其诊治方法的一门临床学科。
Epedemic febrile disease is a clinical specialty concentrating on the study of the occurrence , developing tendency , diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases in the four seasons. 8.中医在其长期的发展过程中，形成了各家学说Inits long course of development, TCM has developedinto various schools of theories.9.内伤脾胃，百病由生。
The interior impairment of the spleen and stomachwould bring about the occurrence of variousdiseases.10.中药不但包含有草药，而且包含有矿物药和动物药等。
Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinalherbs but also minerals and animal parts.1.中医学在其形成过程中受到了古代唯物论和辩证法思想的深刻影响。
During the long course of its development andpractice , tradition Chinese medicine has been underthe influence of classical Chinese materialism anddialectics.2.中医学认为，世界是物质的，是阴阳二气相互作用的结果Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the world ismaterial and is the result of the interaction of yin andyang3.天地合气，命之曰人The existence of human beings depends on theinteraction between the celestial qi and terrestrial qi4.中医学认为精气是生命的本原物质，这种精气先身而生，具有遗传性According to tradition Chinese medicine, essence isthe essential substance for life. Such an essentialsubstance exists prior to the formation of the bodyand is hereditary5.父母之精气相合，形成胚胎发育的原始物质Thecombination of the parental essence is the primarysubstance for the formation of fetus人体各组织器官共处于统一体中，不论在生理上还是在病理上都是相互联系相互影响的All the tissuesand organs in the human body are in a unity whichassociate with each other and influence each otherboth physiologically and pathologically疾病是可以认识的，也是可以防治的Diseases are cognizable, preventable and curable.治病必须抓住疾病的根本矛盾，即所谓的治病必求于本The treatment of disease must focus on the rootcause. That is what “the treatment of disease mustconcentrate on the principal aspect “ means寒者热之，热者寒之，虚者补之，实者泻之Cold disease should be treated by warm therapy,while febrile disease should be treated by coldtherapy, deficiency syndrome should be treated bysupplementing therapy, while excess syndromeshould be treated by purgative therapy人是自然界的一个组成部分，并与自然界有着密切的联系Human being is one of the components in nature andkeeps close relationship with nature人的生命活动过程就是人体阴阳对立双方在不断地矛盾运动中取得统一的过程The process of life activity is a course in which yinand yang in the human body realize unity afterconstant contradictory movement1.中医理论体系的基本特点就是整体观念和辨证论治TCM is characterized by the concept of organicwholeness and treatment based on syndromedifferentiation.2.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the humanbody is an organic whole.3.人体各组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相互影响The components of human body functionallydepend on each other and pathologically affect eachother4.整体观念贯穿于中医生理病理诊法辩证和治疗的各个方面The concept of holism permeates through all thefields in TCM, including physiology, pathology,diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment.5.人体某一局部区域内的病理变化往往与全身脏腑气血阴阳的盛衰有关The pathological changes in certain part or region ofthe human body are usually related to the conditionsof viscera, qi and blood as well as yin and yang in thewhole body6.人体内部脏腑的虚实气血的盛衰和津液的盈亏都可呈现于舌The condition of the viscera, qi , bloodand body fluid all can be manifested over the tongue7.心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里The heart opens into the tongue and is exteriorly andinteriorly related to the small intestine8.人与天地相应The human beings are in correspondence with theuniverse9.春夏脉多浮大，秋冬脉多沉小In the spring and summer, the pulse appears floatingand large, while in the autumn and winter, the pulseappears deep and small10.人体阳气白天多趋于表，夜晚多趋于里The yang-qi in the human body tends to flow in theexterior in daytime and in the interior at night13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic principle for understanding and treating disease in TCM and also one of the basic characteristics of TCM.14. Syndrome is a pathological summarization of a disease at a certain stage of its development.15. Syndrome differentiation and disease treatment are two inseparable parts in diagnosing and treating disease.16. TCM emphasizes the differentiation of both disease and syndrome in understanding and treating disease.1.阴阳是中国古代哲学的一对范畴Yin and yang are two categories in classical Chinese philosophy.2.阴阳的对立和消长是宇宙的基本规律The opposition and waning-waxing of yin and yang are the basic laws in the universe.3.阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括Yin and yang refer to two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in the natural world.4.世界是物质性的整体，是阴阳二气对立统一的结果The world is a material integrity and is the result of the unity of opposites of yin and yang.5.宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立统一矛盾运动的结果The occurrence development and changes of all things in the universe result from the unity and opposition between yin and yang.6.阴阳代表着相互对立又相互关联的事物属性Yin and yang represent the properties of things that are both opposite and related to each other.7.天气清轻故属阳，地气重着故属阴The celestial is light and lucid and thus pertaining to yang while the terrestrial qi is heavy and lucid and therefore pertaining to yin.8.阳化气，阴成形Yang transforms qi while yin shapes into configuration.9.阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程The process of mutual restriction between yin and yang signifies the course of waning and waxing between yin and yang.10.阳依存于阴，阴依存于阳，每一方都以其相对的另一方的存在为自己的存在前提Yin and yang depend on each other. Neither can exist in isolation. 1.人生有形，不离阴阳Man has a physical shape which is inseparable fromyin and yang.2.对于人体的生理功能，中医学也是用阴阳学说加以概括说明TCM explains and summarizes that the physiologicalfunctions of human body according to the theory ofyin and yang3.功能属于阳，物质属于阴Function pertains toyang while substance to yin.4.如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离，人的生命也就终止了The separation of yin and yang will lead to theend of life5.阴阳的协调平衡是健康的表现The balance and harmony of yin and yang are themanifestations of health.6.无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂，都不外乎阴阳的偏盛偏衰No matter how complicated the pathogenic changesof diseases are,, they all can be included in thepredominance or decline of yin and yang.7.邪气泛指各种致病因素The pathogenic factors refer to various factors thatbring about disease.8.正气指整个机体的结构与功能，包括人体对疾病的抵抗力等Healthy qi refer to the structure and functions of thehuman body including the resistance against disease.9.阴虚则内热，阳虚则外寒Asthenia of yin leads to heat in the interior whileasthenia of yang brings about cold in the exterior.10.机体阴或阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度，必然导致另一方的不足。