三、which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用 which 或 as，但二者的用法也有区别。
1．which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而 as 引导的从句可在主 句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。 I failed again in the match，which was a great pity. As we had expected，he opposed the plan.
17 percent in just one year. A．it B．which C．what
D．as
D [句意：据报道，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就减少了 17%。as 引导非限制性 定语从句，指代主句中所表达的全部内容，as 在从句中作主语。]
4．(2014·江苏高考卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication， especially at work________ a good impression is a must. A．which B．when C．as D．where
6．(2017·北京高考卷)The little problems________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A．that B．as C．where D．when A [句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。根 据句意并分析句子结构可知，“________ we meet in our daily lives”为定语从 句，修饰先行词 problems，且从句缺少宾语，所以用关系代词 that 引导定语 从句。] 【导学号：25874009】
which 指物的词或整个主句
主语、宾语
as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why 表示原因的名词 reason
原因状语
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前
面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题： 1．介词的确定
1．(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)He's a very good actor，________ a lot of comedians are not，and he's a good director and a good writer as well. A．who B．where C．whom D．which D [句意：他是一个非常好的演员，很多喜剧演员都不是，而且他也是一位 好导演和好作家。先行词 a very good actor 在非限制性定语从句中作 are not 的表语，表示职业，所以用关系代词 which 引导。]
3．“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构 “不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的 一部分。 China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.There are a lot of students here， none of whom like the film.
3．which 引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主 句为“因”，which 引导的定语从句表示“果”。 Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much.
四、先行词表示时间、地点、原因、方式的时候，如果在从句中作主语或者 宾语，用 which 或者 that 引导；如果在从句中作状语，分别用 when，where， why，in which/ that 引导。 1．这部电影使我想起了我是中学生的时候。 The film reminded me of the time when I was a middle school student. 2．这部电影让我想起了和奶奶一起度过的日子。 The film reminded me of the days(that/ which)I spent with my grandma.
2．which 通常意为“这；这一点”，as 通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等， 意为“正如”。 He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. As we know，smoking is harmful to our health. ＝Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know. 注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用 as 引导，但此时先行词前一般有 the same， as，such，so 等词修饰。
该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭 配来确定。
①Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据 shake hands with...确 定) ②He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需 要确定，即 through the telescope)
is in New York at the moment. A．that B．whose C．his
D．who
B [句意：我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。从句 意和句子结构的衔接看，本空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句的
主语“My eldest son”，并在从句中作定语，因此这里用 whose 引导定语从句。]
D [句意：这本书在日常交流中对我的帮助很大，尤其是必须留下好印象的 工作中。先行词是 work，故用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，在从句中充当 状语，相当于 in which。]
5．(2017·天津高考卷)My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，
7．他回答问题的方式让人吃惊。 The way( in which/ that)he answered the questions was surprising.
8．你有没有想出一个能解决这个问题的方法？ Have you thought of a way that/ which can work out the problem?
3 ． (2017·南 通 、 泰 州 高 三 一 模 )We are creating a new vision for public health________ all of society work together to get healthier and live longer. A．which B．whom C．where D．when
2．(2017·镇江高三一模)As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists，the press release of________ has already been made public. A．whom B．which C．when D．where B [句意：关于高考改革，发言人与记者进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿 已经被公开了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且该定语从 句表示所属关系，先行词为 a sincere conversation，应用“名词＋of＋which” 结构。]
4．“名词＋of which”结构 “名词＋of which”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。 I saw some trees，the leaves of which(＝whose leaves) were black with disease. He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title) I've forgotten.
第五讲 定语从句
栏目 导航
高考真题体验
核心知识归纳
随堂效果落实 专题限时集训
1．(2017·江苏高考卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A．which B．its C．whose D．whom C [句意：联合国在 1963 年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减 轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。purposes 与“the World Food Programme”存在“所 属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的宗旨之一”，且空格处在句中作定语， 因此选择 whose。]
5．他比赛失败的原因是他太紧张了。 The reason why he failed the match was that he was too nervous. 但是如果先行词在句中作主语和宾语，只能用 who，whom，which 和 that。 试比较：
6．你对我解释的原因只是一个借口而已。 The reason( that/which )you explained to me was only an excuse.
3．在国外生活了 20 年之后，他回到了生他、养他的故乡。 Having lived abroad for 20 years，he returned to the hometown where he was born and brought up.
4．他爸爸曾经在前天我们参观的那个小镇上工作过。 His father once worked in the town(that/ which)we visited the other day.