必备法律英语词汇民事法律英语词汇(A,B)按份共有several possession按份之债several obligation版权copyright包办婚姻arranged marriage保证guaranty/guarantee保证合同contract of guaranty保证金guaranty bond; security deposit保证人guarantor被代理人（本人）principal本代理original agency本代理人original agent次代理subagency代理权right of agency代理行为act of agency表见代理agency by estoppel;apparent agency不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 不当得利unjust enrichment不当履行misfeasance不可抗力force majeure不可侵犯权inviolability不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act不作为omission(C)财产担保property guarantee财产分割partition; dismemberment of property财团法人legal body of financial group采矿权mining ownership产品瑕疵defect of product撤销权right of claiming cancellation承包经营权right to contracted management 承认权right of admission诚实信用原则principle of good faith乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position程序法procedural law驰名商标reputed trademark 处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi创造性creativity创作creation从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act从债accessory obligation(D)大陆法continental law大陆法系civil law system代位继承representation; succession by subrogation代位权subrogated right单独继承single succession单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 单一之债single obligation担保物权real right for security盗版VCD pirated VCD等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange抵销setoff抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权hypothec; right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgage抵押权的效力defect of right to mortgage抵押权人mortgagee抵押人mortgagor抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage地上权superficies地役权servitude; easement第一顺序继承人successor first in order佃权tenant right定金earnest money; deposit独生子女only child多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act ( E, F)恶意占有malicious possession发表权right of publication发明创造invention and creation发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent法定继承legal succession法定违约金liquidated damages by law法定之债legal obligation法定孳息legal fruits法律婚legal marriage法律渊源source of law法人legal person法人合伙partnership of legal person法人型联营association of legal persons防卫行为act of defense非婚生子女illegitimate child非专属权non-exclusive right否认权right of claiming cancellation夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship服务商标service trademark抚恤金pension附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term复婚resumption of marriage( G )感情破裂incompatibility个人独资企业individual business establishment个人合伙partnership个体工商户individual business给付give; pay工业产权industrial property公法public law公力救济public protection公民citizen公平原则principle of justice公序良俗public order and moral共同共有joint possession 共同继承joint succession固有法native law; indigenous law关联企业affiliate enterprise广告商标advertisement trademark国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise (H)合法行为lawful act合伙财产property of partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership合伙债务debt of partnership合同之债contractual obligation合作社cooperative衡平法equity; law of equity户籍census register婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚生子女legitimate child婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻登记marriage registration婚姻法marital law; marriage law货币currency获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration( J, K )计划生育birth control技术诀窍know-how继承参与人succession participant继承法inheritance law; law of succession继承人heir; successor间接继承indirect succession监护guardianship简单之债simple obligation教会法ecclesiastical law解除权right of renouncement紧急避险act of rescue; necessity近似商标similar trademark禁止规范forbidding norm经常居住地frequently dwelling place经营权managerial authority; power ofmanagement精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage救济权right of relief居所residence绝对权absolute right抗辩权right of defense可撤销民事行为revocable civil act( L, M )离婚divorce利用权right to make use of例外法exception law连带之债joint obligation联营joint venture林权forest ownership留置权lien录制权right of fixation律师代理agency by lawyer罗马法Roman Law罗马法系Roman law system埋藏物fortuna; hidden property买卖婚姻mercenary marriage民法法律规范norm of civil law民法法系civil law system民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law民事法律行为civil legal act民事合伙civil partnership民事权利能力civil right capacity民事行为civil act名称权right of name名誉权right of reputation明示保证express guaranty命令性规范commanding norm默示保证implied guaranty( N, P )拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household诺成性民事法律行为consenting civil legal act判例法case law; precedent旁系血亲collateral blood relation配偶spouse剽窃plagiary; plagiarism 漂流物drifting object平等原则principle of equality普通代理general agency普通法common law普通合伙general partnership期待权expectant right欺诈fraud( Q )企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise亲权parental right亲属权right of relative侵权行为tort侵权行为之债tort obligation清偿discharge; satisfaction情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances请求权right of claim全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney 权利本位standard of right权利的保护protection of right( R )让与担保alienation guarantee人格权right of personality人权human right人身权利personal right人身损害damage to person人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude任意之债voluntary obligation日尔曼法Germanic law荣誉权right of honor入伙join partnership( S )善意占有possession in good faith商标代理trademark agency商标公告trademark gazette商标国际注册international registration of trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标侵权trademark infringement商标权trademark right商标审查trademark examination商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标注册trademark register商品商标commodity trademark社会本位standard of society社团法人legal body of mass organization涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements涉外收养adoption with foreign elements申请在先原则prior application rule身份权right of status生命健康权right of life and health生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 实体法substantial law实用新型utility model实用性practicability使用权right of use; right to use of使用收益分享权right to share usufruct使用在先priority of use世袭继承hereditary succession市民法jus civile事实婚de facto marriage收回权right of recall; right of retrieval收养法adoption law收养人adoptive parent/adopter收养协议adoption agreement收益权right to earnings; right to yields受托人trustee授权规范authorization norm授权委托书power of attorney授权行为act of authorization署名权right of authorship; right of paternity 司法解释judicial interpretation私法private law私力救济self-protection私生活秘密权right of privacy私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 寺院法canon law送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption诉讼离婚divorce by litigation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership( T )他物权jus in re aliena探视权visitation right特别法special law特别合伙special partnership特别留置权special lien特定之债certain obligation特许权使用费royalties提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority天然孳息natural fruits同居cohabitation同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance土地使用权right to the use of land退伙withdrawal from partnership( W )外观设计design; industrial design完全行为能力perfect capacity for act完整性保持权right to maintain integrity晚婚late marriage万民法jus gentium违法行为illegal act; unlawful act违约金liquidated damages伪造forge委托代理agency by mandate慰问金consolation money无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award无效婚姻void marriage无效行为ineffective act无行为能力incapacity for act无因管理voluntary service无责任行为irresponsible right无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing物权分类classification of right in rem/real right物上请求权right of claim for real thing误传misrepresentation( X )习惯法customary law先买权preemption显失公平obvious unjust限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act相对权relative right相对人counterpart; offeree相邻权neighboring right; related right肖像权right of portraiture协议离婚divorce by agreement协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management胁迫duress新颖性novelty信用担保credit guarantee行为能力capacity for act形成权right of formation姓名权right of name修改权right of modification; right of revision选择之债alternative obligation( Y )押金deposit; foregift要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 一夫一妻制monogamy伊斯兰法Islamic law医疗费medical charge医药费hospital treatment expense遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗失物lost property遗书last words遗言last will and testament遗赠bequest; legacy; devise(不动产)遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement遗赠继承succession by devise遗嘱继承intestate succession 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention义务性规范obligatory norm意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 意思能力capacity of will意外事件accident隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership隐私权right of privacy英吉利法English law英美法系system of Anglo-American law永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right用益物权real right for usufruct优先权日priority date优先权原则doctrine of priority right有权代理authorized agency有限合伙limited partnership预付款advanced payment约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement( Z )再代理人subagent早婚early marriage债的担保guarantee of obligation债的履行performance of obligation债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债券bond债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的免除exemption of debt债务人debtor占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership 贞操权virginity right正当防卫justifiable right; legitimate defense 证券securities支配权right of dominion知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property直系血亲lineal descent指定代理人designated agent制定法statute质权right of pledge智力成果intellectual property中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 终止权right of termination种类之债indefinite obligation重大误解gross misunderstanding重婚bigamy主民事法律行为principal civil legal act主债prime/principal obligation住所domicile注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark著作财产权property right in work著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 著作权人copyright owner部分美国刑事法律英语词汇Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告）Wharton's Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由N人所犯，那么N+1人才构成同谋罪）voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利victimless crime 无受害者犯罪victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪uttering 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪unlawful assembly 非法集会Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) 《统一死亡判定法案》truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间trespassory taking 非法盗窃treason 叛国罪three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务tangible property 有形资产several crimes 数罪several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrome-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人）substantive criminal law 实体刑法subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪）accomplice ：同案犯adult business district ：红灯区agricrime ：农业犯罪armed robbery ：武装抢劫arrest warrant ：逮捕证assault ：袭击attack dog ：攻击犬back-alley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫bail ：保释金blackmail scandal敲诈丑闻/ black market blood money ：血腥钱body bag ：装尸袋guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪bum rap ：错捕career criminal ：职业罪犯child abuse ：虐待儿童computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist ：行骗高手con game ：骗局credit-card fraud ：信用卡欺诈date rape ：约会强奸domestic violence ：家庭暴力drunk driving ：酒后驾驶first-degree murder ：一级谋杀案hijack劫持/ blackjack /skyjacking/carjackinghit-and-run accident肇事逃逸案homicide of a prostitute妓女被杀hold-up ：持枪抢劫impulse crime ：冲动犯罪juvenile delinquency ：青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket ）Mafia ：黑手党money laundering ：洗钱organized crime ：集团犯罪perjury ：伪证police corruption ：警察腐败pornoshop ：色情商店sin tax ：罪孽税statutory rape ：法定强奸罪suicide season ：自杀季节tax evasion ：逃税white-collar crime ：白领犯罪诉讼法律(a b)案件发回remand a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party胜诉方winning party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgment补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉，撤回诉讼nol. pros.不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court(c d)财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgment (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩(状) answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defense大法官associate justices; justice/法官judge 大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procurator’s Office第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action (e f)二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory/legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法警bailiff; court police 法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court/ tribunal/ court of justice/court of law/ law court/ judicial court/court house/ judicature/judicatory法院公告court announcement反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect(j k)基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance 监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgment without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant 拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military court开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distraint宽限期period of grace(l m n)劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police (p q)派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgment; determination判决书judgment; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的) 旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgment(r s)人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings 申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会judicial committee审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgment/order省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizations司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance 死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit; litigation诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem特别程序special procedures(t w x)铁路法院railway court提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of unguilty物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgment选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation讯问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect ( y z)言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”预审preliminary examination; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行庭executive tribunal 执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate其它判决：judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)裁定书：order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）；award（用于仲裁）；verdict（用于陪审团）决定书：decision法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate 律师执业证lawyer license律师费lawyer fee。