第1贾文共9页现在完成时态~练习资料结构：助动词have/has +过去分词句型转换：否定句：一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：一、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，（强调结果现在还存在）例如I have just clea ned my clothes. 我冈H洗过衣服。
（洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是衣服干净了”I have just had my breakfast.（对现在的影响：不饿）Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has.将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .Now , I have a lot to read because ________________________________2.1 saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I ____________________ .3. I did my homework yesterday.Now, I can give it to the teacher because I _____________二、通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just （谓语动词之前）（刚刚），already （已经（肯定句）），before （之前），yet （—般疑问（句末），已经；否定句：还）never （从不）, ever （疑问句）twice （两次）,recently（近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用，1 Tom has already finished his homework.Tom hasn 'finished his homework yet.2 I have just had my lunch.She hasn 'seen you befor e.3 Have you e ver eaten fish?I have never eaten fish三、体会时间状语：①I have n ever heard of that before.②Have you ever ridde n a horse?③She has already fini shed the work.④Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.⑤I 've just fini shed my homework.⑥He has not come yet.五、翻译句子： 1你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。
2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给 tom 了。
3你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。
4你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。
5你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持常与 for 或 since 引导的时间连用，so far, up to/till now 到目前为止,in the last/past+ 一段时间，all one ' life 某人的一生中,by now, these days 目前，for two years 、since 1984、since he came hereI haven 'tseen her these days.She has lear nt En glish for 3 years/s ince 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happe ned to the USA in the last 350 years?一、注 意：(1) s inee +—段时间+ ago = for +时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.= 1.1(have) lunch already. 2. the train (arrive) yet? 3.Tomn ever(be ) to China. 4. The twin just (see) my father.5. The twins (see) my father just now.6. you ever (ride) a horse? Never.7. you (clea n) the room?Yes, we(do) that already.When you (do) it?We (do) it an hour ago.8. he (see) this film yet? No.When he (see) it?He it tomorrow.第2 四、请先圈出时间状语，再用词的适当形式填空9. How many times _____ you _____ (come) here?Once.9页续到现在并可能还将 持续下去。
A 动词使用延续性动词。
B 和表时间段的时间状语连用第3贾文共9页I have kept the library book since a week ago.(2) si nee + 时间点=for +时间段si nee 2000=for 13 years(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4) It is /has bee n + 一段时间+ since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.二、用for 或since 填空。
1. Jill has bee n in Ireland ______ Mon day.2. Jill has bee n in Ireland ________ t hree days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has bee n there _ 7 o'clock.5. In dia has bee n an in depe ndent country ____ 1974.6. The bus is late. We've bee n waiting _____ 20 minu tes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have bee n empty many years.8. Mike has bee n ill ______ a long time. He has bee n in hospital _______ O ctober9. It ' ten years _______ w e met each other last time.10. He has taught En glish ______ 25 years.11. The Gree ns have lived on the farm _____ 1990.12. They have bee n practici ng the guitar ______two hours.13. —How long have you bee n a reporter? —____ 8 years ago.14. I haven ' t gone for a walk in the park _________ a long time.15. He ' s been collecting stamps _______ he was in primary school.16. Peter has bee n to summer camp ______ 3 times.非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。
为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替非延续性动词。
他入党五年了。
He joined the Party five years ago .----- He has bee n in the Party for five years.----- He has bee n a Party member for five years.----- It is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。
The film bega n five mi nu tes ago.----- The film has been on for five minutes.----- It is five minu tes since the film bega n第一类：动词—be + adj. : Die , finish married to第二类：动词—be + 介词.:start/begin ,open/close , fall ill/asleep , marry sb/get ,leave , Join ,二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp— be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4) They came here last week. They _________ here since _____________② come to / go back to / retur n to — be back to go out — be outHe came out two years ago.He _____________ for _____________ .2) We returned to Beiji ng yesterday.We _______________ t o Beiji ng since③ become — beI became a teacher in 2000. I __________ a teacher for ___________.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ d irty for _________ .④ close — be closed ope n — be ope nThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop _________ f or ________ .2) The door ope ned at six in the morning. The door ______________for six hours.⑤ get up — be up ; die — be dead; leave sp. — be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep — be asleep ; finish / end — be over ;marry —be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I ______________________ s ince ______________ .2) He left Shan ghai just no w.He _________________________ Shan ghai for fivemi nu tes.3) My gran dpa died in 2002.My gran dpa __________________ f or _______________ .4) The meet ing fini shed at six.The meet ing ___________________for six hours.第5贾文共9页5) I got to sleep two hours ago 」 __________________ since __________________ .第三类：动词—另一个动词：Buy第4贾文共9页,Borrow , get/begin to 延续性 v , .Become, put on ,6) They married in 1990. They ___________________________ since _________ .⑥start / beg in to do sth. f do sth. ; beg in f be on1) I bega n to teach at this school in 1995. I _______ at this school since ___ .2) The film bega n two minu tes ago. The film ____________ for ________ .⑦borrow f keep; lose f not have ;buy f have ;put on f wearcatch / get a cold f have a cold; get to know f know1) They borrowed it last week. They _________ it since ____________ .2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ___________ a pen for _____________ .3) I got to know him last year. I __________ him since ____________ .4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I ____________ my glasses for _______________ .⑧have / has gone to f have been inHe has gone to Beiji ng.He ____________ Beiji ng for two days.⑨join the league / the Party / the armyf be a league member /a Party member / a soldierf be a member of the league / the Partyf be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joi ned the league in 2002.He ______ a _________ for two years.He _____ a __ the _ for two years.He ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother ________ a ____________ for ____________________ .My brother ____ in ____________ for two years.注意：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have (has) been in 表示在某地(多长时间)”，现在仍在那里。