It的用法一.用作代词代词it主要指代前面(或后面)出现的单数名词或分句所表示的某些东西或情况、抽象事物、婴儿、也可指代性别不详孩子或身份不明的人。
除此之外还可以指代时间、天气、距离、速度等抽象名词。
1.上文提到的某系东西eg. Look at the bird. It always comes to my window.2.抽象事物eg. I tried my best to persuade him, but it didn’t help.3.性别不详的孩子。
eg. The baby is crying. It might be hungry4.时间、日期、天气、环境、距离、速度等eg. ---What day is it today?---It is Sunday.---How far is it to China?---It is 800 kilometers.二.作形式主语It做行主而把真正的主语置于句子后面是为了使句子平衡。
It可替代后面的不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
该用法通常用于一下句型:1.”It is +adj./n./v+ing./p.p.+ that….”.适用于这个句型的动词有say, announce, decide, learn, know, report, hope, believe, expect, suggest等。
适用于此句型的名词有idea, belief, dream, pity, wish, fact, wonder, problem, pleasure等。
适用于此句型的形容词有clear, well—known, important, necessary, strange, urgent等。
Eg. It is a pity that I can’t go with you.It’s necessary that children should learn some knowledge of road safety.注意:it作形式主语代替主从时,要注意它和as 引导的定从的区别,试比较:A: It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.B: As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.2.“It is+adj./n.+ to do”Eg. It is my wish to learn a foreign language well.3. It is +adj. + for/of + to do. for前面的形容词常常与事物的特征有关,而of前面的形容词常与人的性格特点有关。
Eg. It is too heavy for me to lift up the big box.It is stupid of you to laugh at that guy.4. It is + n./adj. + v+ing. 这类名词或形容词不太多,主要有waste, no good, no use, useless, nopoint, worthwhile, 等。
Eg. It is no use trying to persuade me into giving up smoking.5.It doesn’t matter/It makes no difference…..Eg. It makes no difference whether he is present or not..6.It appears/seems/happens (to sb) that…好像/似乎/碰巧…Eg. It appears to me that he is fond of collecting stamps.据我所知,他好像喜欢集邮三.用作形式宾语1.当动词不定式、动名词、或从句在句中充当宾语且其后带有宾补时,习惯上要在宾补前使用一个没有具体意义的形宾it,而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面,构成“V. + it + OC+to do/v +ing/从句(常将该句型称之为6123结构)Eg. I think it no good going there now.The headmaster has made it clear that the meeting will not be put off.6123结构:6指主句中6个常用的动词,即think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形宾it2指的是宾补的两种形式——形容词和名词(短语)3指的是真正的宾语的三种形式——不定式短语、动名词短语和that引导的宾语从句。
2. It作形宾时其后没有adj. 或n.作宾补的情况(近几年高考常涉及)Eg. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.I’d appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.该用法中的动词经常是表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词。
如:enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等四.It构成的强调句型强调句型“it is/was + 被强调的部分+that/who + 其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语或状语等。
That 只起连接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。
有时强调的部分比较特殊,如主从、状从、名词、不定式、动词-ing的复合结构。
Eg. It was in the library that I saw her yesterday.It was when I returned that she left the meeting room.注意:1.要注意it 所构成的强调句型和它代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等构成的各种句型的区别。
如: It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut.It was March 1 when I had my hair cut.2.采用“还原法”来判断强调句型3.强调句型的三种形式:A: 一般疑问句形式:Was/Is it + 强调部分+ that/who +其他成分B:特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was+ it +that/who +其他成分C: not….until…的强调句形式:It is/was not until +被强调成分+that+其他成分五.It 常用固定句型1.It takes sb…..to do sth (=Sb takes….to do sth)2. It’s (just)(un)like sb to do….(不)像某人做某事的风格)Eg. It was (just) like him to think of helping us.3.It’s (about/high) time tha t︴+动词过去式︴+should(should不可省略)是该做某事的时候了,而没有做4.It’s the +序数词 +time(that) + 完成时(注意时态的变化)第几次做某事了5. It’s….since…从….已(多长时间了)Eg. It is five years since he stopped smoking.他戒烟五年了7.It was(not)….before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了Eg. It was not long before they arrived.8. It won’t be long before….过不了多久某动作将要发生It won’t be long before he returns from abroad练习:1.---Who knocked at the door?---I don’t know. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who____was.A. heB. thatC. itD. there is2. --- Mike, what are teachers supposed to do for the students?---As teachers, we feel_____our duty to teach our children to be good whether wherever we are.A. thisB. thatC. itD. there is3.______really makes me angry when I see people dropping litter.A. AsB. WhatC. ItD. That.4. I miss Mary and would hate______if our friendship is over.A. oneB. itC. thisD. that5. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with_______extra stress.A. itB. themC. oneD. him6. --- I’ve read another book this week.---Well, maybe_______is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it7. The fact that she was foreign made_____difficult for her to get a job in that country.A. soB. muchC. thatD. it8. On my desk is a photo that my father took of______when I was a baby.A. himB. itC. mineD. me9. Where was it______you picked up the wallet?A. whichB. thatC. didD. do。