必修五Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟大的科学家steam engine 蒸汽机characteristic n.特征;特性radium n.镭put forward 提出theory n。
理论;学说infect vt.传染;感染infectious adj.传染的cholera n.霍乱scientific adj.科学的examine vt.检查;诊察;考察conclude vt. & vi.结束;结论;议定conclusion n.结论;结束;议定draw a conclusion得出结论analyse vt.分析repeat vi & vt.重复;重做n. defeat vt. N.打败;战胜;使受挫attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加expose vt.(与to连用)暴露;揭露;使曝光deadly adj.致命的cure n. vt.治愈;痊愈;治疗outbreak n.爆发;发作(疾病或战争)control vt.& n.控制;支配absorb vt.吸收;使专心severe adj.严重的;严厉的;严格的;剧烈的valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的clue n.线索;提示pump n.泵;抽水机pub n.酒馆;酒吧blame vt.责备;谴责;把…归咎于;n.过失;责备immediately adv.立即;马上handle n.柄;把手;vt.处理germ n.微生物;细菌addition n.加;增加;加法in addition也;另外link vt.连接;联系n.联系;环link…to…将…和…连接或联系起来announce vt.宣布;通告certainty n.确知;确信;确实instruct vt.命令;指示;教导virus n.病毒construction n.建设;结构;建筑物apart from 除…之外;此外creative adj.有创造力的;独创的co-operative adj.合作的positive adj.积极的;肯定的be strict with对…严格的revolutionary adj.革命的calculation n.计算;计算结果lead to通向;导致movement n。
移动;运动;动作make sense有意义backward adv. & adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)loop n.圈;环complete adj.完整的;完成的privately adv.私下地;秘密地spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转;纺(线)brightness n.明亮;亮度;聪颖enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的reject vt.拒绝;不接受;丢弃point of view态度;观点;看法logical adj.和逻辑的;合乎常理的John Snow was a well-known doctor in London —so famous, indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺在伦敦是一位著名的医生,的确,如此出名以致于由他护理维多利亚女王生孩子。
【注释:attend v.出席;到场;注意;照看attend to处理;注意倾听;专心于;照料;attendschool/ class/ church/ a wedding/ a meeting/ a lecture/ a movie; attend on/ upon sb.伺候某人;照顾某人;eg. 1) I’ll attend to the matter.我来处理此事。
2) He was very tired afterthe long run, and expected someboday to attend on him.长袍之后他感到非常疲劳,很想有个人来照顾自己一下。
▲辨析:attend, join, join in, take part in(1) attend是正式用语,一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等;(2)join指加入某党派、某组织、某社会团体以及参军等,如:He joined the football club two years ago. (3) join in通常指参加某种活动,尤其指其他人一起参加某项活动,如:I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. (4) take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往参加者持有积极地态度,并起到一定的作用,有时可与join in互换,如:Will you take part in the English evening? 试题:——Who is ______ the patient? ——Maybe his sister.A. taking careB. looking forC. joining inD. attending on】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他想到要帮助受霍乱侵扰的普通民众,他就感到受到激励(或感受到神灵的召唤)。
【注释:①inspire(1)影响或触动:eg. The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.落叶触动了她的伤感. (2) 鼓励;激励eg. 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望2) I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
②expose to使易受;使受eg. exposed themselves to disease使他们受到疾病的影响;exposed their children to classical music. 使他们的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响。
考题:1. As we all know,women do not________their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries.A.cover B.keep C.expose D.protect2.The more one is________the Englishspeaking environment,the better he or she will learn the language. A.exposed to B.filled in C.caught on D.kept up3.The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that ____ to strong sunlight may be harmful to the skin.A.contributing B.exposing C.contributed D.being exposed 】This was the most deadly disease of its day. 这在当时是最为致命的疾病。
【注释:deadly adj. 致命的;死一般的;绝对的;完全的如:deadly weapons致命武器;a deadly pallor.死人般的苍白;deadly enemies.不共戴天的仇敌;:deadly concentration.绝对专心】Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.其原因及治疗方法都不为人知道。
【注释:neither和相关连词nor 连用,连接并列主语(1)、并列谓语(2)、并列宾语(3)eg. (1)Neither we nor they want it. 我们和他们都不要它。
(2)She neither called nor wrote. 她既没打电话也没写信来。
(3)I got neither the gift nor the card.我既没得到礼物,也没得到贺卡。
考题:(2008辽) 1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and _____.A.I was neither B.neither was I C.I was either D.either was I2. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will 】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每当这种疾病爆发的时候,就有数以千计的感到恐惧的人死掉。
【注释:every time这是由名词词组充当连词,引导时间状语从句,类似这种用法的名词短语有:不定代词+time,如:any time; each time; 介词+time 如:by the time…;序数词+time,如:the first/last time…; the +瞬间名词,如:the minute, the moment, the instant “一…就…”;the +时间名词,如:the day, the night, the month, the time…eg. 1) She demands sweets from me every time/each time she sees me. 2) The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 3) The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded. 4) I’ll give him your message the minute/ the moment/ the instant he arrives. 5) He bought a computer the day/ the time he got his salary. 考题:1. Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.A.at the time B.each time C.by the time D.Sometimes2. ________you talk with someone or write a message,you show your skills to others.A.At times B.Some time C.Every time D.The time】John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem.约翰斯诺想用他的知识来帮助解决这个问题。