2019年精选科学九年级上册第5章功和简单机械1 杠杆华师大版拔高训练第五十八篇第1题【单选题】如图所示,杠杆AOB用细线悬挂起来,在A、B两端分别挂上质量为m1、m2的重物时,杠杆平衡,此时AO恰好处于水平位置,AO=BO,不计杠杆重力,则m1、m2的关系为( )A、m1>m2B、m1<m2C、m1=m2D、无法判断【答案】:【解析】:第2题【单选题】如图所示,杠杆OAB能绕O点转动,在A点挂一重物G,为保持杠杆在水平位置平衡,在B点分别作用的四个力中最小的是( )A、F1B、F2C、F3D、F4【答案】:【解析】:第3题【单选题】如图所示,滑轮下挂重400N的物体G,滑轮重20N,绳和杠杆都是轻质的.要在图示位置使杠杆平衡,在杠杆的A点所加的竖起向上的力F应是(杠杆上标度的间距相等)( )A、210NB、280NC、420ND、240N【答案】:【解析】:第4题【单选题】下列各图中,错误的是( )A、斜面受到的压力FB、动力F1的力臂l1C、光线经凹透镜发散D、通电导体周围的磁场【答案】:【解析】:第5题【单选题】小明在东湖边看到以下四个画面,其中哪一组用到省力的机械( )A、①②B、②④C、③④D、①③【答案】:【解析】:第6题【单选题】如图所示的杠杆正处于水平平衡,若在杠杆两边的钩码下再加一个钩码(钩码质量相同),杠杆将( )A、继续处于水平平衡B、右端上升,左端下降C、右端下降,左端上升D、无法确定杠杆的运动状态【答案】:【解析】:第7题【单选题】如图,在探究杠杆平衡条件时,左边的钩码个数和位置保持不变,右边弹簧测力计的作用点固定,只改变测力计与水平方向的角θ,则能描述测力计示数Fθ关系的图象是( )A、B、C、D、【答案】:【解析】:第8题【填空题】端午节期间,多地都举行了划龙舟比赛(如图),(1)运动员通过鼓声来统一划龙舟的节奏,鼓声是由鼓面的______产生的,鼓声主要是通过______传入人耳.(2)划水时,船桨是______杠杆(选填“省力”、“费力”、“等臂”),该杠杆的好处______是,运动员看到水下部分的船桨不是直的,是光的______现象.(3)运动员向后划水,船就前进,这说明物体间力的作用是______的,以鼓手为参照物,该船上的运动员是______的.【答案】:【解析】:第9题【填空题】如图所示,有一长方体平台,轻质杆AD放在台面BC上,且AB-CD=有误BC,杆两端分别挂重物Ga 和G,物重Ga=9N恒定不变,要使杆AD平衡,则杠杆水平平衡时a物体受到______力的作用(请写出a受到的所有力的名称)。
平台台面BC受到的最大压力和最小压力之比为______。
【答案】:无【解析】:第10题【填空题】如图甲所示的是现在比较流行的胶棉拖把,只需要用手在A处向上拉动即可把海绵里的水挤干,非常方便、卫生。
这里拉杆ABC是______(选填“省力”“等臂”或“费力”)杠杆。
如图乙所示,海绵被折叠、压扁,说明力可以改变物体的______。
【答案】:【解析】:第11题【解答题】如图,若杠杆左端悬挂甲塑料正方体浸没在烧碱溶液中、右端挂乙塑料正方体浸没在饱和澄清石灰水中,此时杠杆保持平衡,若两溶液久置空气中杠杆将如何转动?(甲乙塑料正方体不与溶液反应,不考虑水的蒸发)【答案】:【解析】:第12题【解答题】胶棉拖把的主要结构如图甲所示,使用时先将棉头浸泡于水中吸水,再拉动拉手,使之绕O点转动,胶棉夹将棉头中多余水挤出后便可清理地板,请在图乙示意图中画出:动力F1的力臂l1作用在B点的阻力F2【答案】:【解析】:第13题【解答题】轻质杠杆OP能绕O点转动,P端用细绳a悬于N点,现有一质量为m的物体A通过绳子和滑环挂在M点(滑环和绳子的质量可忽略).如图甲所示,杠杆OP与水平方向成角θ倾斜,物体A随滑环刚好可以沿杠杆由M点向P端匀速滑动.画出滑环到M点时杠杆所受动力、阻力示意图及动力臂、阻力臂.小明认为物体A沿杠杆OP匀速下滑的过程中,细绳a所承受的拉力F随物体A的滑动时间t成比例,请应用相关知识证明小明的观点是否正确.【答案】:【解析】:第14题【解答题】如图所示,杠杆在力F1、F2作用下处于平衡状态,L1为F1的力臂。
请在图中作出F2的力臂L2及力F1。
【答案】:【解析】:第15题【解答题】如图所示,小华正在做俯卧撑,可以将他的身体看作一个杠杆,O为支点,A为他的重心,相关长度已在图中标明.已知他的质量m=60kg,g=10N/kg.<!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%5Bif%20gte%20mso%209%5D%3E%3Cxml%3E%0A%20%3Cw%3AWor dDocument%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AView%3ENormal%3C%2Fw%3AView%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AZoom%3E 0%3C%2Fw%3AZoom%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3APunctuationKerning%2F%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ADrawingGrid VerticalSpacing%3E7.8%20%E7%A3%85%3C%2Fw%3ADrawingGridVerticalSpacing%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ADis playHorizontalDrawingGridEvery%3E0%3C%2Fw%3ADisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw% 3ADisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery%3E2%3C%2Fw%3ADisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw% 3AValidateAgainstSchemas%2F%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ASaveIfXMLInvalid%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3ASaveIfXMLInva lid%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AIgnoreMixedContent%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3AIgnoreMixedContent%3E%0A%20%20% 3Cw%3AAlwaysShowPlaceholderText%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3AAlwaysShowPlaceholderText%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw %3ACompatibility%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ASpaceForUL%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ABalanceSingleBy 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Table%0A%09%7Bmso-style-name%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%3B%0A%09mso-tstyl e-rowband-size%3A0%3B%0A%09mso-tstyle-colband-size%3A0%3B%0A%09mso-style-noshow%3Ayes%3B%0A% 09mso-style-parent%3A%22%22%3B%0A%09mso-padding-alt%3A0cm%205.4pt%200cm%205.4pt%3B%0A%09ms o-para-margin%3A0cm%3B%0A%09mso-para-margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%0A%09mso-pagination%3Awidow -orphan%3B%0A%09font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%0A%09font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%0A% 09mso-fareast-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%0A%09mso-ansi-language%3A%230400%3B%0A%09mso-fareast-language%3A%230400%3B%0A%09mso-bidi-language%3A%230400%3B%7D%0A%3C%2Fst yle%3E%0A%3C!%5Bendif%5D%2D%2D%3E-->求小华受到的重力G<!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%5Bif%20gte%20mso%209%5D%3E%3Cxml%3E%0A%20%3Cw%3AWor dDocument%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AView%3ENormal%3C%2Fw%3AView%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AZoom%3E 0%3C%2Fw%3AZoom%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3APunctuationKerning%2F%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ADrawingGrid VerticalSpacing%3E7.8%20%E7%A3%85%3C%2Fw%3ADrawingGridVerticalSpacing%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ADis playHorizontalDrawingGridEvery%3E0%3C%2Fw%3ADisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw% 3ADisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery%3E2%3C%2Fw%3ADisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw% 3AValidateAgainstSchemas%2F%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ASaveIfXMLInvalid%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3ASaveIfXMLInva lid%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3AIgnoreMixedContent%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3AIgnoreMixedContent%3E%0A%20%20% 3Cw%3AAlwaysShowPlaceholderText%3Efalse%3C%2Fw%3AAlwaysShowPlaceholderText%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw %3ACompatibility%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ASpaceForUL%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ABalanceSingleBy teDoubleByteWidth%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ADoNotLeaveBackslashAlone%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3C w%3AULTrailSpace%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ADoNotExpandShiftReturn%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw% 3AAdjustLineHeightInTable%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ABreakWrappedTables%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3 Cw%3ASnapToGridInCell%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3AWrapTextWithPunct%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw %3AUseAsianBreakRules%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3ADontGrowAutofit%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%3Cw%3A UseFELayout%2F%3E%0A%20%20%3C%2Fw%3ACompatibility%3E%0A%20%20%3Cw%3ADoNotOptimizeForBrow ser%2F%3E%0A%20%3C%2Fw%3AWordDocument%3E%0A%3C%2Fxml%3E%3C!%5Bendif%5D%2D%2D%3E--><!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%5Bif%20gte%20mso%209%5D%3E%3Cxml%3E%0A%20%3Cw%3ALatentStyles %20DefLockedState%3D%22false%22%20LatentStyleCount%3D%22156%22%3E%0A%20%3C%2Fw%3ALatentStyl es%3E%0A%3C%2Fxml%3E%3C!%5Bendif%5D%2D%2D%3E--><!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%5Bif%20gte% 20mso%2010%5D%3E%0A%3Cstyle%3E%0A%20%2F*%20Style%20Definitions%20*%2F%0A%20table.MsoNormal Table%0A%09%7Bmso-style-name%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%3B%0A%09mso-tstyl e-rowband-size%3A0%3B%0A%09mso-tstyle-colband-size%3A0%3B%0A%09mso-style-noshow%3Ayes%3B%0A% 09mso-style-parent%3A%22%22%3B%0A%09mso-padding-alt%3A0cm%205.4pt%200cm%205.4pt%3B%0A%09ms o-para-margin%3A0cm%3B%0A%09mso-para-margin-bottom%3A.0001pt%3B%0A%09mso-pagination%3Awidow -orphan%3B%0A%09font-size%3A10.0pt%3B%0A%09font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%0A% 09mso-fareast-font-family%3A%22Times%20New%20Roman%22%3B%0A%09mso-ansi-language%3A%230400%3 B%0A%09mso-fareast-language%3A%230400%3B%0A%09mso-bidi-language%3A%230400%3B%7D%0A%3C%2Fst yle%3E%0A%3C!%5Bendif%5D%2D%2D%3E-->求图示时刻地面对双手支持力F的力臂l1,并在答题卷的图中画出此力臂求图示时刻地面对双手的支持力F【答案】:【解析】:。