供热术语中英文对照版目录1. 基本术语5. 热力站与热用户1.1 供热5.1 热力站与中继泵站1.2 供热介质及其参数5.2 换热器1.3 供热系统5.3 热用户及其连接方式2. 热负荷及耗热量5.4 调节阀2.1 热负荷6. 水力计算与强度计算2.2 热指标和耗热量6.1 热网水力计算2.3 负荷图和热负荷延续时间图6.2 供热管道强度计算3. 供热热源7. 热水供热系统定压和水力工况3.1 供热热源7.1 热水供热系统定压3.2 锅炉房及其辅助设备7.2 水压图3.3 热电厂7.3 水力工况与热力工况4. 热网8. 供热调节、运行管理、试验及试运行4.1 热网8.1 调节4.2 供热管线8.2 运行管理4.3 供热管道敷设8.3 试验及试运行4.4 管道支座和支架4.5 保温和防腐4.6 热补偿基本术语供热供热heat-supply供热工程heat-supply engineering集中供热centralized heat-supply联片供热group heating区域供热regional heating城市供热municipal heat-supply城际供热interurban heat-supply分散供热decentralized heat-supply热化heat-supply based upon heat and power cogeneration热化系数share of cogenerated heat in maximum heating load 热化发电率cogeneration level热电联产heat and power cogeneration热电分产separate generation of heat and power供热规划development program of municipal heat-supply供热能力heating capacity供热半径range of heat-supply service供热面积area of heat-supply service集中供热普及率coverage factor of centralized heat-supply供热可靠性reliability of heat-supply system供热备用性能reservation characteristic of heat-supply system双向供热two-way heat-supply供热经济性economical effect of heat-supply供热成本cost of heat-supply供热标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to heat output发电标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to power generation供电标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to power output热价heat rates年节吨标煤净投资net investment for saving of one ton standard coal annually供热介质及其参数供热介质heating medium高温水high-temperature hot water低温水low-temperature hot water供水supply water回水return water生活热水domestic hot-water饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam二次蒸汽flash steam凝结水condensate沿途凝结水condensate in steam pipeline补给水make-up water供热介质参数parameters of heating medium设计供水温度design temperature of supply water设计回水温度design temperature of return water实际供热温度actual temperature of supply water实际回水温度actual temperature of return water最佳供水温度optimal temperature of supply water最佳回水温度optimal temperature of return water设计供回水温差design temperature difference between supply water and return water 实际供回水温差actual temperature difference between supply water and return water 最佳供回水温差optimal temperature difference between supply water and return water 供水压力pressure of supply water回水压力pressure of return water供汽温度temperature of supply steam供汽压力pressure of supply steam供热系统供热系统heat-supply system热电厂供热系统heat-supply system based upon heat-power cogeneration plant区域锅炉房供热系统heat-supply system based upon heating plant工业余热供热系统heat-supply system based upon industrial waste heat地热供热系统heat-supply system based upon geothermal energy垃圾焚化厂供热系统heat-supply system based upon garbage incineration plant低温核供热系统heat-supply system based upon low temperature nuclear reactor热水供热系统hot-water heat-supply system低温水供热系统low-temperature hot water heat-supply system高温水供热系统high-temperature hot water heat-supply system闭式热水供热系统closed-type hot-water heat-supply system开式热水供热系统open-type hot-water heat-supply system蒸汽供热系统steam heat-supply system凝结水回收系统condensate return system开式凝结水回收系统open-type condensate return system闭式凝结水回收系统closed-type condensate return system余压凝结水回收系统back-pressure condensate return system重力凝结水回收系统gravity condensate return system加压凝结水回收系统forced condensate return system混合式凝结水回收系统combined condensate return system热负荷及耗热量热负荷热负荷heating load设计热负荷design heating load最大热负荷maximum heating load实际热负荷actual heating load基本热负荷base heating load尖峰热负荷peak heating load季节性热负荷seasonal heating load供暖热负荷space-heating load供暖设计热负荷design space-heating load供暖期供暖平均热负荷average space-heating load during heating period通风、空调热负荷heating load for ventilation and air-conditioning通风设计热负荷design heating load for ventilation供暖期通风平均热负荷average heating load for ventilation during heating period空调设计热负荷design heating load for air-conditioning供暖期空调平均热负荷average heating load for air-conditioning during heating period常年性热负荷year-round heating load生产工艺热负荷process-heating load热水供应热负荷hot-water heating load热水供应最大热负荷maximum hot-water heating load热水供应平均热负荷average hot-water heating load平均热负荷系数heat-supply load factor最大热负荷利用小时数number of working hours based on maximum load热负荷小时变化系数hourly variation factor of heating load同时使用系数diversity factor热指标和耗热量热指标heating load data for load estimation供暖面积热指标space-heating load date per unit floor area供暖体积热指标space-heating load data per unit building volume通风体积热指标space-heating load data per unit building volume热水供应热指标heating load data per unit of hot-water usage耗热量heat consumption年耗热量annual heat consumption供暖年耗热量annual heat consumption on space-heating通风、空调年耗热量annual heat consumption on ventilation and air-conditioning生产工艺年耗热量annual heat consumption on process heating热水供应年耗热量annual heat consumption on hot-water supply耗热定额heat consumption quota单位产品耗热定额heat consumption quota per unit of product平均小时耗汽量average hourly steam consumption最大小时耗汽量maximum hourly steam consumption热水供应小时用热量hourly heat consumption on hot-water supply热水供应设计小时耗水量design hourly demand of hot-water负荷图和热负荷延续时间图热负荷图heating load diagram日负荷图hourly variation graph of heat consumption in one day月负荷图daily variation graph of heat consumption in one month年负荷图monthly variation graph of heat consumption in one year热水供应昼夜耗水量图hourly variation graph of domestic hot-water consumption in one day 热负荷延续时间图heating load duration graph供热热源供热热源供热热源heat source of heat-supply system锅炉房boiler plant区域供热锅炉房regional heating plant热电厂cogeneration power plant工厂自备热电厂factory-owned cogeneration power plant核能热电厂nuclear-powered cogeneration power plant低温核能供热堆low-temperature nuclear heating reactor工业余热industrial waste heat热泵heat pump基本热源base-load heat source峰荷热源peak-load heat source备用热源standby heat source锅炉房及其辅助设备供热锅炉heating boiler锅炉辅助设备boiler auxiliaries送风机forced draft fan引风机induced draft fan除尘器dust trap锅炉给水泵boiler feed-water pump热水锅炉循环水泵boiler circulation pump热网补水泵make-up water pump of heat-supply network热网循环水泵circulation pump of heat-supply network调速水泵variable speed pump备用泵standby pump蓄热器heat-storing device锅炉水处理boiler water treatment锅外水处理boiler feed-water treatment锅水加药处理boiler water conditioning真空除氧vacuum deaeration热力除氧thermo-deaeration解吸除氧desorption deoxidization化学除氧chemical deoxidization热电厂涡轮机turbine燃气轮机gas turbine汽轮机steam turbine凝汽式汽轮机condensing turbine供热式汽轮机cogeneration turbine背压式汽轮机back-pressure turbine抽汽式汽轮机extraction turbine抽汽背压式汽轮机back-pressure turbine with intermediate bleed-off 基本加热器primary calorifier尖峰加热器peak-load calorifier减压减温装置desuperheater恶化真空运行operating with reduced vacuum汽轮机抽汽extracted steam from turbine汽轮机抽汽压力pressure of extracted steam from turbine热网热网热网heat-supply network蒸汽热网steam heat-supply network单管制蒸汽热网one-pipe steam heat-supply network双管制蒸汽热网two-pipe steam heat-supply network多管制蒸汽热网multipipe steam heat-supply network热水热网hot-water heat-supply network闭式热水热网closed-type hot-water heat-supply network开式热水热网open-type hot-water heat-supply network单管制热水热网one-pipe hot-water heat-supply network双管制热水热网two-pipe hot-water heat-supply network多管制热水热网multipipe hot-water heat-supply network一级管网primary circuit二级管网secondary circuit枝状管网tree-shaped heat-supply network环状管网ring-shaped heat-supply network管网选线route selection of heat-supply network供热管线供热管线heat-supply pipeline干线main line主干线trunk main支干线main branch支线branch line供水管water supply pipe回水管water return pipe热网连通管interconnecting pipe in heat-supply network热水供应循环管hot-water circulation pipe管线沿途排水管blind drains under heating pipeline供热管路附件fittings and accessories in heating pipeline关断阀shut off valve分段阀sectioning valve放水阀drain valve放水装置drain valve connections放气阀vent valve放气装置vent valve connections疏水器steam trap疏水装置steam trap connections启动疏水装置warming-up condensate drain-off connections经常疏水装置normal operating condensate drain-off connections供热管道敷设供热管道敷设installation of heating pipeline地上敷设above-ground installation地下敷设underground installation管沟敷设in-duct installation直埋敷设directly buried installation无补偿直埋敷设directly buried installation without expansion joint套管敷设casing pipe installation隧道敷设in-tunnel installation管沟pipe duct通行管沟walkway duct半通行管沟crawl duct不通行管沟unpassable duct管沟事故人孔safety exit of pipe duct管沟安装孔installation hole of pipe duct检查室inspection well检查室人孔inspection well manhole集水坑gully pit操作平台operating platform覆土深度thickness of earth-fill cover管道支座和支架管道支座pipe support固定支座fixing support活动支座movable support滑动支座sliding support滚动支座roller support管道支架pipeline trestle高支架high trestle中支架medium-height trestle低支架low trestle固定支架fixing trestle活动支架movable trestle悬吊支架pipe-hanging trestle弹簧支（吊）架spring hanger导向支架guiding trestle附墙支架pipe bracket刚性支架rigid trestle柔性支架flexible trestle铰接支架hinged-type trestle独立式支架simple trestle悬臂式支架cantilever support梁式支架beam support桁架式支架trussed support悬索式支架suspended support保温和防腐保温insulation填充式保温loosely filled insulation灌注式保温poured insulation涂抹式保温pasted insulation捆扎式保温wrapped insulation缠绕式保温wound insulation预制式保温prefabricated insulation保温结构insulation construction整体保温结构integral insulation construction可拆卸式保温结构detachable insulation construction保温层insulation layer保温材料insulation material保温层伸缩缝expansion seam of insulation layer保护层protective cover管道热损失pipeline heat loss允许热损失permissible heat loss直线管道热损失straight pipe heat loss局部热损失local heat loss局部热损失当量长度equivalent length of pipe for local heat loss局部热损失系数coefficient of local heat loss供热管道保温效率insulation efficiency of heat-supply pipeline保温层经济厚度economical thickness of insulating layer管道允许温度降allowable temperature drop of heating medium in pipeline 防腐anticorrosion protection防腐涂层anticorrosion coating热补偿热补偿compensation of thermal expansion补偿器compensator for thermal expansion自然补偿self-compensation弯管补偿器expansion bend方形补偿器U-shaped expansion joint套筒补偿器sleeve expansion joint球型补偿器ball joint compensator波纹管补偿器bellows type expansion joint热伸长thermal expansion补偿器冷紧cold-pull of expansion joint补偿器冷紧值amount of cold-pull补偿器热补偿值amount of compensated thermal expansion补偿器补偿能力compensating capacity of expansion joint热力站与热用户热力站与中继泵站热力站substation区域热力站branch-line substation小区热力站area substation用户热力站consumer substation民用热力站civil substation工业热力站industrial substation中继泵booster pump中继泵站booster pump station混水装置water admixing installation混水泵mixing pump水喷射器water ejector蒸汽喷射器steam injection pump凝结水泵condensate pump分水器supply water distribution header集水器return water collecting header除污器strainer调压孔板orifice plate旁通管bypass pipe分汽缸steam distribution header减压阀pressure reducing valve安全阀safety valve安全水封water seal热水储水箱hot-water storage tank二次蒸发箱flash tank凝结水箱condensate tank开式凝结水箱open-type condensate tank闭式凝结水箱closed-type condensate tank换热器直接加热direct heating间接加热indirect heating换热器heat exchanger表面式换热器surface heat exchanger管式换热器tubular heat exchanger管壳式换热器shell-and-tube heat exchanger套管式换热器concentric tube heat exchanger板式换热器plate heat exchanger混合式换热器direct contact heat exchanger淋水式换热器cascade heat exchanger喷管式换热器jet-pipe heat exchanger汽-水换热器steam-water heat exchanger水-水换热器water-water heat exchanger容积式换热器volumetric heat exchanger快速换热器instantaneous heat exchanger热管式换热器heat-pipe heat exchanger换热器污垢修正系数fouling coefficient of heat exchanger热用户及其连接方式热用户heat consuming installation供暖热用户space-heating installation通风、空调热用户ventilation and air-conditioning installation热水供应热用户hot-water supply installation生产工艺热用户process-heating installation工业用热单位industrial heat user热力人口consumer heat inlet热用户连接方式connecting method of consumer with heat-supply network 直接连接direct connection简单直接连接simple direct connection混水连接water-mixing direct connection混合系数admixing coefficient间接连接indirect connection调节阀调节阀control valve自动调节阀automatic control valve自力式调节阀self-operated control valve非自力式调节阀external power operated control valve流量调节阀flow control valve温度调节阀temperature control valve压力调节阀pressure control valve阀前压力调节阀upstream-pressure controller阀后压力调节阀downstream-pressure controller调节阀流通能力flow coefficient of regulating valve调节阀流量特性flow characteristics of regulating valve水力计算与强度计算热网水力计算热网水力计算hydraulical analysis of heat-supply network最大允许流速allowable maximum velocity允许压力降allowable pressure drop计算主干线calculated main最不利用户环路most unfavorable circuit最不利管路most unfavorable steam supply main平均比摩阻average specific frictional head loss经济比摩阻optimal specific frictional head loss比压降specific pressure drop管路阻力特性系数flow-resistance characteristic coefficient of pipeline用户阻力特性系数flow-resistance characteristic coefficient of consumer heating system 热网设计流量design flow of heat-supply network热网实际流量actual flow of heat-supply network热网总循环流量circulation flow of heat-supply network热网事故工况流量emergency quantity of flow in abnormal condition热水供应平均流量average flow of domestic hot-water supply热水供应最大流量maximum flow of hot-water supply失水率rate of water loss补水量rate of water make-up事故补水量rate of emergency water make-up补水率make-up water percentage最大凝结水量maximum condensate flow凝结水回收率condensate recovery percentage满管流full-section pipe-flow非满管流partly-filled pipe-flow两相流two-phase flow供热管道强度计算供热管道强度计算mechanical analysis of heat-supply pipes钢材许用应力allowable working stresses of steel许用外载综合应力allowable combined stress due to external load许用补偿弯曲应力allowable bending stress due to thermal compensation许用合成应力allowable resultant stress热态应力验算stress checking for design operation condition冷态应力验算stress checking for non-operation condition轴向温度应力axial temperature stress管道轴向荷载axial load on pipe管道水平荷载axial load on horizontal pipe管道自重self weight of pipeline管道内压力不平衡力unbalanced force from internal pressure补偿器反力reaction force from thermal compensator固定支座轴向推力axial thrust on fixing support固定支座水平推力horizontal thrust on fixing support固定支座轴向水平荷载horizontal axial loads of fixing support固定支座侧向水平荷载horizontal lateral loads of fixing support管道挠度bending deflection of pipe管道最大允许挠度allowable maximum bending deflection of pipe固定支座间距distance between adjacent fixing supports活动支座间距spacing of movable supports固定支座最大允许间距allowable maximum distance between fixing supports活动支座最大允许间距allowable maximum spacing between movable supports无补偿直埋管道锚固段anchored section of directly buried pipeline土壤约束作用soil restraint action土壤约束度系数coefficient of soil restraint热水供热系统定压和水力工况热水供热系统定压定压方式pressurization methods膨胀水箱定压pressurization by elevated expansion tank补给水泵定压pressurization by make-up water pump补给水泵连续补水定压pressurization by continuously running make-up water pump 补给水泵间歇补水定压pressurization by intermittently running make-up water pump 旁通管定压pressurization by bypass pipe氮气定压pressurization by nitrogen gas空气定压pressurization by compressed air蒸汽定压steam pressurization蒸汽锅筒定压pressurization by steam cushion in boiler drum外置膨胀罐蒸汽定压pressurization by steam cushion in external expansion tank淋水式换热器蒸汽定压pressurization by steam cushion in cascade heat exchanger 定压点pressurization point定压装置pressurization installation水压图水压图pressure diagram设计水压图design pressure diagram运行水压图operation pressure diagram事故工况水压图pressure diagram in abnormal operation condition供暖期水压图pressure diagram during heating period非供暖期水压图pressure diagram during nonheating period静水压图static pressure line动水压图operation pressure line供水管动水压线operation pressure line of supply pipeline回水管动水压线operation pressure line of return pipeline凝结水管水压图pressure diagram of condensate pipeline汽化压力saturation steam pressure工作压力working pressure允许压力maximum permissible pressure富裕压力safety pressure margin充水高度height of consumer heating system资用压头available head用户预留压头available pressure head in the consumer汽化water ebullition倒空drop of water level in consumer heating system超压overpressure水力工况与热力工况水力工况hydraulic regime设计水力工况design hydraulic regime运行水力工况operation hydraulic regime事故水力工况emergency hydraulic regime水力稳定性hydraulic stability水力稳定性系数coefficient of hydraulic stability水力失调hydraulic misadjustment水力失调度degree of hydraulic misadjustment一致失调monotonous hydraulic misadjustment等比失调equiproportional hydraulic misadjustment不等比失调nonequiproportional hydraulic misadjustment不一致失调nonmonotonous hydraulic misadjustment热用户热力失调thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system热用户垂直热力失调vertical thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system热用户水平热力失调horizontal thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system 供热调节、运行管理、试验及试运行调节调节regulation运行调节operation regulation集中调节centralized regulation局部调节localized regulation质调节constant flow control量调节variable flow control分阶段改变流量的质调节centralized control with flow varied by steps间歇调节control by intermittent operation间歇运行intermittent mode operation初调节initial adjustment水温调节曲线temperature adjustment curve流量调节曲线flow adjustment curve运行管理热网调度管理dispatching management of heat-supply network热网调峰管理dispatching management of heat-supply network during peakload period 供热系统集中监控centralized monitoring and control of heat-supply system热网优化运行optimum operation of heat-supply network联网运行joint operation of heat-supply networks运行巡视operational inspection热网维修repair and maintenance of heat-supply network热网中修medium repair of heat-supply network热网大修major repair of heat-supply network热网故障damage accident of heat-supply network热网事故breakdown accident of heat-supply network汽水冲击steam-water shock供热系统水击water hammer of heat-supply system试验及试运行水压试验pressure test供热管道强度试验strength test of heat-supply network管道系统严密性试验leakage test of heat-supply network热网温度试验hot-state strength test of heat-supply network管道清洗purging of heat-supply pipeline热网试运行trial operation of heat-supply network。