英语语法术语汇总语法grammar 句法syntax词法morphology 结构structure实义词notional / content word 虚词structural/ form/function word构词法word-building 词根root前缀prefix 后缀suffix同义词synonym 反义词antonym转化法conversion 派生法derivation词缀法affixation 合成法composition派生词derivative 复合词compound词性part of speech 名词的分类classification of nouns名词noun 专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun集合名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun介词preposition 感叹词interjection引导词particle 感叹词exclamation强调词emphasizer 强调用法emphatic use动词verb 实义动词notional verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb双宾语及物动词ditransitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb系动词linking verb 助动词auxiliary情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词non-finite verb使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb 静态动词stative verb副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place 频度副词adverb of frequency疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb连接副词conjunctive adverb代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun格case 普通格common case主格nominative case 宾格objective case所有格possessive case 单数形式singular form复数形式plural form性gender 阳性masculine阴性feminine 通性common中性neuter人称person 第一人称first person第二人称second person 第三人称third person冠词article 定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral连词conjunction 并列连词coordinating conjunction从属连词subordinating conjunction形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison原级positive/ absolute degree 比较级comparative degree最高级superlative degree形式form 数number原形base form 规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form 单数形式singular form / number复数形式plural form / number 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 缩略形式contracted form动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs 现在形式present form过去形式past form 分词participle垂悬分词dangling participle 无依着分词unattached participle现在分词present participle 过去分词past participle不定式infinitive 动名词gerund动名词verbal noun从句clause 主句main clause名词性分句nominal clause 从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause 从属分句dependent clause名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 非限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 先行项antecedent 引述动词reporting verb关系词relative word 比较分句comparative clause状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 表语从句predicative clause同位语从句appositive clause 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition （implied conditional）句子sentence 句法syntax简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 祈使句imperative/command sentence分裂句cleft sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence 否定句negative sentence双重否定double negative 祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence 感叹句exclamatory sentence独立句absolute construction 独立主格结构nominative absolute construction平行结构parallel construction句子成分members of sentences 主语subject并列主语compound subject 逻辑主语logical subject真主语real subject 谓语predicate宾语object 双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 呼语direct address插入语parenthesis 附加成分appended element插入成分inserted element 补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative 定语attribute同位语appositive 状语adverbial时间状语temporal adverbial 修饰语modifier独立成分independent element 直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech 独立结构absolute construction限定性定语limiting attribute 描绘性定语descriptive attribute简单谓语simple predicate 复合谓语compound predicate短语phrase 分词短语participial phrase介词短语prepositional phrase不定式短语infinitive phrase动词短语verb phrase句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination 修饰modification前置fronting 前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction时态tense 一般过去时simple past tense过去完成时past perfective tense 过去将来时past future tense过去进行时past progressive tense 过去将来进行时past future progressive tense过去将来完成时past future perfective tense 过去完成进行时past perfective progressive tense一般现在时simple present tense 现在完成时present perfective tense现在进行时present progressive tense 现在完成进行时present perfective progressive tense 一般将来时simple future tense 将来完成时future perfect tense将来进行时future progressive tense 将来完成进行时future perfect progressive tense时态的呼应sequence of tenses 被动语态passive voice主动语态active voice 语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood 陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation 否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation 局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order 自然语序natural/normal word-order倒装语序inversion 倒装inversion倒装语序inverted word-order 全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion 省略ellipsis句型的转换transformation of sentence 句子分析analysis of sentence标点符号punctuation marks 句号period /full stop问号question mark 感叹号exclamation mark逗号comma 分号semicolon冒号colon 破折号dash连字号hyphen 引号quotation marks括号parenthesis 撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）apostrophe一致agreement/concord 主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement 概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition正式文体formal style 非正式文体informal style口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory。