2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, note1) Actn. ①法案, 法令②动作, 举动③节目, (戏剧的) 幕v. ①行动, 产生...的效果②担当③表演, 表现, 见效(07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. （名）行为这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。
(07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（动）行动如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。
(06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act. （名）行为这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为(96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。
2) Appealn. ①请求, 呼吁②上诉③吸引力(appealing: 有吸引力的) v. ①求助, 诉求②控诉(03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's SurfaceTransportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. （动）上诉如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下调。
但这个过程耗财、耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
(99-04) NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.（动词）呼吁NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。
3) Assume /Assumptionv/n: ①假定, 设想②采取③呈现④承担(05-01) Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. （名）假定，假设这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。
(98-02) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. （动）认为商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
(97-02) As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.（名）信念，假定同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。
4) Claimv/n: ①索赔②声称③主张(05-01) If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. （动）宣称如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告，我认为这是最可靠的证明，即此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。
(05-04) Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. （动）主张同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。
(01-05) A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".（动）主张一次平调伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰性地声称“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起”。
(00-05) In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （动）声称然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。
(99-01) As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. （名）索赔尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着，但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方，特别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。
(99-05) He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. （名）主张他所提出的种种主张是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅他自己相信了，而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。
5) Disciplinen.①纪律②学科n/v.训练(96-03) The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. （名）纪律罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。
(96-04) With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. （名）训练由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。
6) Fairadj. ①(肤色)白皙的②(头发)金黄的③干净的④公平的⑤(天气)晴朗的n. 展览会, 市集(07-03) During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. （形容词）公平的在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平竞争以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。
(03-02) For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals — no meat, no fur, no medicines. （名）集市例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类，毛皮，药物。