口腔正畸学单词Orthodontics 口腔正畸学American Board Orthodontists 美国正畸学会Differentiation 分化Translocation 改位、易位Orthopedic devices 矫形治疗措施Functional jaw orthopedic 功能颌骨矫形Cephalocaudal gradient of growth生长的头尾增减率Pattern of growth 生长型Pattern of facial growth 面部生长型Average growth pattern 平均生长型Horizontal growth pattern 水平生长型Vertical growth pattern 垂直生长型Balanced growth 平衡生长Growth variability 生长变异Chronometry 颅测量术Cephalometic radiography 线头影测量术Displacement 骨移位Primary displacement 原发性骨移位Secondary displacement 继发性骨移位Premature hypostasis 骨缝早融Skeletal craniofacial developmentsyndrones颅面发育综合征Oxycephaly 尖头畸形Brachycephaly 短头畸形Scaphocephaly 舟状头畸形Chondrocranium 软骨性颅Desmocranium 头颅Cranial base 颅底Spheno-occipital synchondrosis 蝶枕软骨联合Inter-sphenoid synchondrosis蝶骨间软骨联合Spheno-ethmoid synchondrosis蝶筛软骨联合Growth of masomaxillary complex鼻上颌复合体的生长Masomaxillary complex 鼻上颌复合体Nasal septum 鼻中隔Frontal-maxillarysuture 额颌缝Eygomatic-maxillarysurure 颧颌缝Eygomatic-temporal suture 颧颞缝Pterygo-palatin suture 翼颌缝Mandible 下颌骨Genial angle 下颌角External rotation 外旋转Internal rotation 内旋转Total rotation 总旋转Intramatrix rotation 基质内旋转Hypertrophy 肥大Hyperplasia 增生Acceptable compromises 可接受的折中值Treatment goal individualized个体化治疗目标Total discrepancy 上下牙弓总不调量Discrepancy 牙弓不调量Available space 可用间隙Requried space 必需间隙Relocation 复位Expansion 扩大牙弓Intermaxillary 颌间Extraction 拔牙supra- 表示[在上; 在远方]之义Visual treatment objective 治疗目标预测法Mesiofacial type 中间型Brachyfacial type 短面型Dalichofacial type 长面型Guadrilateral analysis 四边形分析法Sassauni analysis 正位片（后前位）的分析法Ritucci-Burston 颏顶位分析法Soft tissue facial angle 软组织面角Nose prominence 鼻突度Superior sulcus depth 上唇沟深H-line to subnasale 鼻下点至H线距Skeletal profile convexity 骨侧面突度Upper lip strain measurement 上唇紧张度Lower lip to H-line 下唇H线距Inferior sulcus to H-line 颏唇沟深度Soft tissue chin thickness 颏部软组织厚度Esthetic plane、E-Plane 审美平面Mesioversion 近中错位Distoversion 远中错位Linguoversion 舌向错位Labioversion 唇向错位Infraversion 低位（牙合下错位）Supraversion 高位（牙合上错位）Torsiversion 旋转Axisversion 斜轴Transversion 易位Ba-N 全颅底平面N-Pog 面平面Nba-PtGn 面轴角Pt-Gn 面轴FH-Npog 面角FH-MP 下颌平面角MP-NPg 颏角ANS-Xi-Pm 下面高角Dc-Xi-Pm 下颌弓角A-Npog A点突度L1-Apog 下中切牙突距，下中切牙倾斜度PTV-U1 上颌第一磨牙位置L1-EP 下唇位置N 鼻根点S 蝶鞍点Ba 颅底点Bo Bolton点Po 耳点Or 眶点ANS 前鼻棘点PNS 后鼻棘点Ptm 翼上颌裂点Pt 翼点B 下牙槽座点Pm Pm点，下颌前缘部B点到颏前点间，由凹至凸的移行交界点。

Pog 颏前点Gn 颏顶点Me 颏下点D 颏联合中心点Go 下颌角点Ar 关节点DC 髁头中心点Xi 下颌中心点UI 上中切牙切点UI’上中切牙根尖点LI 下中切牙切点U6 上第一恒磨牙点G 额点N’软组织鼻根点Prn 鼻尖点Sn 鼻底点Ls 上唇缘点Stms 上唇下点Stmi 下唇上点Pog’软组织颏前点Gn’软组织颏点C 软组织颈角点FH 眶耳片面SN 前颅底平面Ba-N 颅底平面TH 真性水平面PP 腭平面OP 牙合平面MP 下颌平面RP 下颌支平面NP 面平面FMA Tweed三角，眶耳平面与下颌平面的交角，25°IMPA Tweed三角，下中切牙长轴与下颌平面的交角90°FMIA Tweed三角，下中切牙长轴与眶耳平面的交角65°Na-Ba 颅底平面A’-B’前下面高A’-Ptm’上颌基骨长度B’-J’下颌基骨长度Ptm’-J’后下面高N-A’前上面高N-A’-B’面凸角Co-Po 下颌长Co-S 髁突后切线-碟鞍中心Ptm’- X 上后长J’-X 下后长A’-X 上全长B’-X 下全长1-A 上切牙位置1-B 下切牙位置Sagittal ratio 矢状比RO 眶上点LO 眶侧点NC 鸡冠点Zyg 颧弓点Ma 颧下点Mx 上颌基点Ms 乳突点Go 下颌角点IS 上切牙点Me 颏下点FS 棘孔点PCV 颅侧点MCF 颅中凹点Ba 颅底点OP 颅后点BC 颊点ACV 颅前穹点A 角点AV 前犁骨点PV 后犁骨点DM 上牙弓中点AB 上牙槽弓中点CA 髁前点CP 髁后点CL 髁外侧点CM 髁内侧点CPP 喙突点FM 下磨牙点dm 下牙中点ab 下牙槽中点CGM 下颌外形线中点Pm' 软组织颏前点Prn 鼻尖点Sn 鼻底点UL 上唇最突点LL 下唇最突点H-Line H线，软组织颏前与上唇间切线N'-Pm' 软组织面平面Soft tissue facial angle 软组织面角Nose prominence 鼻突度Superior sulcus depth 上唇沟深H-Line to subnasale 鼻下点至H线距离Skeletal profile convexity 骨侧面突度Basic upper lip thikness 上唇基厚度Upper lip strain measurement 上唇紧张度H angle H角，H线与软组织平面的夹角Inferior sulcus to H-line 颏唇沟深度Soft tissue chin thickness 颏部软组织厚度S-line S线，Steiner所倡导的一条通过颏部软组织最前突点和鼻S形（鼻突部至上唇的S形）中点的连线，用以评价上唇位置。

Z-plane Z角Torque 转矩Upright 竖直Moment 力拒Coule 力偶Tipping movement 倾斜移动Bodily movement 整体移动Conotrolling root movement 控根移动Vertical movement 垂直移动Rotation movement 旋转移动Translation 平动Rotation 转动Light force 轻力Medium force 中力Heavy force 重力Constant force 持续性力Intermittent force 间歇性力Initial phase 初始阶段Lag phase 迟缓阶段Post-lag phase 迟缓后阶段Anchorage 支抗Intramaxillary anchorage 颌内支抗Intermaxillary anchorage 颌间支抗Extraoral anchorage 颌外支抗Anchorage base 抗基Reciprocal anchorage 交互支抗Differential force anchorage 交互支抗Reinforce anchorage 增强支抗Stationary anchorage 稳定支抗Cortical anchorage 皮质骨支抗Modulus of elastieity 弹性模量Stiffness 刚度Cs 横断面硬度指数Cross-sectronal stiffness flamber横断面硬度指数Growth site 生长部位Growth center 生长中心Fr?nkel function regulator FR功能矫治器Protrusion bow 前推弓Ribbon arch appliance 带状弓装置Edgewise 方丝弓Sectional arch wire 局部弓丝Stright wire technique 直丝技术Span 锁槽与锁槽间弓丝的跨度Anchor lose 支抗丧失Minium anchorage 最小支抗Moderate anchorage 中度支抗Maximum anchorage 最大支抗Coil spring 螺旋弹簧Power chain 链状橡皮圈Elastic thread 弹性线Lingual button 舌侧钮扣Cleats 牵引钩Power chain 链状橡皮圈Elastic separating plier 分离钳Positioning gauge 锁槽定位尺Vertical loop 垂直曲Horizontal loop 水平曲T loop T形曲Box loop 箱状曲，匣形曲Gable bend 人字形曲Ωloop 亚米加曲Keyhole loop 匙形曲Close loop 关闭曲Toe in 内收弯，内倾弯Arch formation card 牙弓预成图卡法Canice lateral width 尖牙间宽度Molar lateral width 磨牙间宽度Bable bend 屋脊式弯曲Straight wire the concept and appliance 直丝弓技术的概念与应用Fully ptogrammed appliance全程序直丝矫治器Party programmed appliance部分程序的矫治器Uprighting spring 竖直弹簧Rotating spring 旋转弹簧Boyonet bends 水平向箭弯曲Incisor liability 切牙债务Submerged tooth 乳牙下沉Alignment 排齐Leveling 平整Titanium-nickel wire 镍钛丝Ni-Ti Sentinol wise 奥氏体超弹镍钛丝Open coil spring 开大螺旋弹簧Closed coil spring 关闭式螺旋弹簧Elastic thread 弹性结扎线Rotating spring 改扭转弹簧Tip back bend 支抗弯Utility arch 多用弓Cetlin double arch wire 双弓丝Correction of molar relationship矫正磨牙关系Correction of midline discrepancies中线的矫正Closure of extraction spaces 关闭拔牙间隙Bioprogressive therapy 生物渐进矫治技术Face bow 面弓Periodontal ligament 牙周韧带Collagenous fiber 胶原纤维Csf 嵴上纤维环切术Circumferential supracrestal fibroectomy嵴上纤维环切术Ankylosis 固着性粘连牙，关节强直Autografting 自体移植（法）Autoplastic transplantation 自体移植Bimaxillary prognathism 双颌骨的前突Bimaxillary dental protrusion 双颌牙的前突Bimaxillary prothsion 双颌前突Segmental osteotomy 局部截骨术Muscle splinting 肌强直Muscle spasm 肌痉挛Articulation 咬合Occlusion 牙合Bilateral balanced occlusion 双侧平衡牙合Intercuspal occlusion 牙尖交错牙合ICO 牙尖交错牙合Centric occlusion 正中牙合Intercuspal position 牙尖交错位ICP 牙尖交错位Centric stop 正中止接触Muscle contact position 肌接触位MCP 肌接触位Retruded contact position 后退接触位RCP 后退接触位AB plane angle 上下齿槽座角Ar.articulate 关节点abnormal swallowing 异常吞咽acid etching 酸蚀acrylic cervic al occipital appliance塑料颈枕矫治器activator 肌激动器activator 肌激动器activators 肌激动器类adjunctive orthodontic treatment辅助性正畸adjunctive treatment 辅助性矫治adolescents and adults 生长后期及成年人Aesthetic 美观anchorage loss 支抗丢失angle of convexity 颌凸角ANS.anterior nasal spine 前鼻棘ANS-Me 面下部高ANS-PNS. palatal plane 腭平面ANS-Ptm 上颌长度ANS-Ptm 上颌长anteriors relationship 前牙关系anti-totation 抗转矩appliance 矫治器aquirement of digital model数字化牙颌模型的获取arch expansion 扩大牙弓asymmetric facebow 非对称口外弓attached lingual frenum 舌系带过短axial positional bend 前牙轴倾弯B.supramental 下齿槽座点Ba.basion 颅底点band 带环bionator 生物调节器bite reconstruction 咬合重建bodily movement 牙整体移动bodily tooth movement 整体牙移动Bolton analysis Bolton 指数分析box loop 匣形曲braket 托槽camouflage treatment 掩饰性矫治方法canine eminace 尖牙区的弧形突起外展弯canine or premolar distalization远中移动尖牙或前磨牙canine relationshi 尖牙关系cant of occlusion plane 牙合平面角cast pouring 灌模center of resistance 阻抗中心center of rotation 旋转中心cephalometer 头颅定位仪Cephalometrics X线投影测量cervical headgear 低位牵引cheek sucking and biting 吮咬颊chief comlaint 主诉chin cap 颏兜式矫治器chin-cup 颏兜chin-cup appliances 头帽颏兜牵引矫治器chondrogenesis and osteogenesis软骨或骨的改建cinch back 末端弓丝回弯class I ，neutroclusion 中性错牙合class II ，distoclusion 远中错牙合class II，division 1，subdivision二类1分类亚类class II，division 1 二类1分类class II，division 2 二类2分类class II，division 2，subdivision二类2分类亚类class III，mesioclusion 近中错牙合class III，subdivision 三类亚类cleidocranial dysostosis 锁骨颅骨发育不全closed vertical helical loop 闭合带圈垂直曲closed vertical loop 闭合垂直曲Co.condylion 髁顶点combination headgear 水平牵引comprehensive orthodontic treatment综合性正畸comprehensive treatment 综合矫治computer vision 计算机视觉技术computer-assisted model analysis计算机辅助模型分析congenital 先天因素congenital missing tooth 先天性缺失牙congenitally missing tooth 先天缺牙cooperation prediction 合作程度预测Corrective orthodotics 一般矫治couple 力偶curve of Spee Spee 曲线curve of Spee 牙合曲线的曲度deep overbite 深覆牙合deep overjet 深覆盖deeplu insert labial frenum in the maxilla深嵌入腭中缝dehiscence 开裂dental history 牙科病史dental hygienist 口腔卫生士dental type 牙型dental-alveolar and bassal bone analysis齿槽及基骨的测量分析destructive scan 有损扫描diagnostic setup 石膏模型重排牙诊断法diagnostic set-up 诊断性牙排列试验differential force 差动力differential movement technique差动牙移动技术differential reaction (对同一力的)不同反应differential tooth movement 差动牙运动digital model analysis 数字化牙颌模型分析direct bonding system，DBS直接粘接正畸附件Down-Sydrome 先天愚型dual bite 双重咬合E.eye 眼点Edgewise appliance 方丝弓矫治器edgewise appliance 方丝弓矫治器enhancement of maxillary growth刺激上颌生长environment factors 环境因素environmental factors 环境因素eruption factors 替牙因素evolution factors 进化因素estimation from Moyers tablesMoyers 预测法estimation from radiographs 牙片预测法estimation from Tanaka-Johnston values Tanaka-Johnston 预测法expansion of arch length 扩展牙弓长度expansion of arch width 扩展牙弓宽度external factors 外因extraction 拔牙extraoral anchorage appliance口外支抗类矫治器extraoral vertical pull 垂直牵引装置extusion or intrusion 牙齿伸长或压低face bow 面弓face mask 面具式牵引矫治器facebow 口外弓facemask 面具facial angle 面角facial profile 面部软组织侧貌fenestration 开窗FH.Frankfort horizontal plane 眼耳平面finger sucking 吮其他指first order bend 第一序列弯曲fixed bite-jumping appliances固定型咬合前导功能性矫正装置fixed retaining appliance 固定保持器FMA 眼耳平面-下颌平面角FMIA 下中切牙-眼耳平面角force and reciprocal force 作用力与反作用力forehead pad 额垫frontal view 前面观function regulator, FR 功能调节器functional appliance 功能性矫治器functional expansion 功能性扩展functional factors 功能因素functional retaining appliance使用于保持用的功能矫治器G.glbella 额点Gn.gnathion 颏顶点Go.gonion 下颌角点growing children 生长期儿童growth pattern modification 生长改良型growth status 生长发育guidance of eruption 萌出诱导guidance of occlusion 牙合诱导guidance of wearing sequence 戴用顺序指导habitual mouth breathing 口呼吸习惯Handicapping dentofacial anomaly牙面异常harmful habits 口腔不良习惯Harmony 平衡headcap 头帽headgear activator肌激动器联合使用口外弓headgear-activator 口外弓-肌激动器headgear-activator,HGAC 头帽式肌激动器helical loop 小圈曲heredity 遗传heredity factors 遗传因素high-pull headgear 高位牵引horizontal helical loop 带圈水平曲horizontal loop 水平曲Id.infradentale 下齿槽缘点Ideal normal occlusion 理想正常牙合ideal wire 理想型弓丝IMPA 下中切牙-下颌平面角impression taking 取模individual development 个体发育Individual normal occlusion 个别正常牙合infantile swallow 婴儿型吞咽inhibition of mandibular growth 抑制下颌生长inhibition of maxillary growth抑制上颌生长inhibition of vertical growth抑制垂直向生长inner bow 内弓inset 内收弯interal factors 内因Interceptive orthodontics 阻断矫治intermaxillary anchorage 颌间支抗interproximal enamel stripping 邻面去釉intramaxillary anchorage 颌内支抗intrusion and en masse retaction of upper anteriors 压低和内收4个切牙invisalign 无托槽矫治器J-hook J钩J-hook headgear J形钩job model 工作模型labial crown torque 冠唇向转矩labial root torque 根唇(颊)向转矩laceback 向后结扎lateral view 侧面观leeway space 替牙间隙length evaluation 牙弓长度的测量leveling 整平牙弓limited orthodontics 有限治疗lingual bracket 舌侧矫治器lingual crown torque 冠舌向转矩lingual root torque 根舌向转矩lip sucking and biting 吮咬唇Malocclusion 错牙合畸形mandible length 下颌长度mandibular clockwise rotation下颌骨向下、向后呈顺时针方向旋转mandibular counterclockwise totation下颌逆时针向旋转mandibular displacement 下颌位置改变maxillary clockwise rotation上颌平面顺时针旋转maxillofacial skeletal patterns颌面部骨骼结构Me.menton 颏下点MEAW 多曲方丝弓技术mechanical retainer 保持器mechanical retention 机械保持medical history 医学病史Mes.menton of soft tissue 软组织颏下点mesial drift of anchorage molar支抗磨牙的前移程度mesiobuccal cusp 近中颊尖minor tooth movement ，MTM 小范围牙移动mixed dentition space analysis替牙期拥挤度的预测model analysis 模型的测量分析model shaping 记存模型的修整model shaping with base 成品基座修整法model shaping with trimmer 修整器修整法molar distalization 推磨牙向远中molar distalization 推磨牙向远中molar elongation 磨牙伸长molar intrusion 磨牙压低molar relationship 磨牙关系moment 力矩morphological analysis of dental arch牙弓形态测量分析MP.mandibular plane 下颌平面MPA.mandibular plane angle 下颌平面角myodynamic 肌动力型myomonitor 肌监测仪myotonic 肌张力型N.masion 碟鞍点N-ANS 面上部高natural retention 自然保持neckstrap 颈带N-Me 全面高non-destructive laser scan 无损激光扫描normal overbite 正常覆牙合normal overjet 正常覆盖N-P. facial plane 面平面Ns nasion of soft tissue 软组织鼻根点O.orbitale 眶点、眶最下点occlusal trauma 咬合创伤occlusion checking 核对牙合关系occlusion factors 咬合因素offset 内收弯offset 外展弯offset 外展弯omega loop 欧米加曲OP. occlusal plane 牙合平面open bite 开牙合open vertical helical loop 开大带圈垂直曲open vertical loop 开大垂直曲orthodontic expansion 正畸扩展orthodontic force 口外正畸力orthodontic- surgical conjunctive approach正畸-外科联合治疗orthodontic-surgical treatment外科与正畸联合治疗orthopaedic expansion 矫形扩展orthopedic force 口外矫形力outer bow 外弓overcorrection 牙齿的过度矫治P.porion 耳点palatal height evaluation 腭穹高度的测量paste 粘接糊剂photometric stereo 光学立体Pin 栓钉pin and tube appliance 钉管弓PNS.posterior nasal spine 后鼻棘Po.pogonion 颏前点Pont index 庞特指数分析法Pos.pogonion of soft tissue 软组织颏前点positioner 牙齿正位器posteriors malposition 末端区磨牙位置异常Preadjusted Appliance 预调矫治器Preventive orthodotics 预防矫治primate space 灵长间隙primer 底胶protusion of anteriors 牙弓突度psychology and motivation assessment心理及治疗动机分析Ptm.pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂点Ptm-6 翼上颌裂-上第一恒磨牙Ptm-S 碟鞍中心-翼上颌裂race evolution 种族演化rachitis 佝偻病rapid palatal expansion 快速腭中缝扩展rectangular wire 方形弓丝reinforcement of molar anchorage加强磨牙支抗removable appliances 活动矫治器removable retaining appliance 活动保持器retention 保持reverse overbite 反覆牙合reverse overjet 反覆盖reverse headgear 前方牵引装置ribbon arch appliance 带状弓Rieger Syndrome虹膜-牙齿发育不全综合征rotation 牙齿旋转移动round wire 圆形弓丝RP.ramal plane 下颌支平面S.sella 蝶鞍点Spheno-ethmoidal SE点，蝶筛点sagettal relationship 矢状向关系Scheuthauer-Marie-Saintion Syndrome颅骨-锁骨发育不全综合征S-Co 下颌位置second order bend 第二序列弯曲segmented arch 后牙片断弓serial extraction 序列拔牙severity of crowding 牙齿拥挤度shape from shading SFS 明暗成形six keys to normal occlusion正常牙合六项标准skeletal type 骨型sliding mechanics 滑动法slow palatal expansion 慢速腭中缝扩展SN.SN plane 前颅底平面Sn.subnasale 鼻下点space analysis 拥挤度分析space available 可用间隙space required 必需间隙spiral CT scan 螺旋CT扫描SPr.upper incisor 上中切牙点S-Ptm 上颌位置sraight wire technics预成序列弯曲方丝弓矫正技术Srandard SW A 标准直丝弓托槽Stable 稳定stereo analysis 立体摄影stop 阻挡点Straight Wire Appliance,SWA 直丝弓矫治器stripping 邻面去釉structured lighting 结构光扫描study model 记存模型sucking and biting 吮咬习惯supereruption 对牙合磨牙伸长supernumerary tooth 多生牙supervision of wearing duration戴用时间监导Suprenumerary tooth 额外牙Surgical orthodotics 外科矫治symmetric facebow 对称口外弓symmetry evaluation 牙弓对称性的测量分析temovable bite-jumping appliances活动型咬合前导功能性矫治器temporomandibular joint disorders，TMD颞下颌关节紊乱病terminal tip back bend 末端后倾弯third order bend 第三序列弯曲thumb sucking 吮拇指tip back bend 后倾弯tip forward bend 前倾弯tipping movement 牙倾斜移动tongue thrusting 舌刺入症tongue-thrust 吐舌习惯tooth lamina 牙板torque 转矩Translation SWA 拔牙病例用直丝弓托槽transverse relationship 横向关系twin block 双牙合板（矫治器）utility arch 多用途弓vertical helical loop 带圈垂直曲vertical loop 垂直曲vertical relationship 垂直向关系vertical tensile loop 垂直张力曲viriation 变异visual treatment objective VTO VTO分析vormilion borders 唇缘点width evaluation 牙弓宽度的测量Y axis Y轴角Counterpart analysis 配对分析原理Finite element method FEM，有限元法Biologic clocks 生物钟Development age 发育龄Biological age 生物龄Vital staining 活体染色法Alizarin 茜素染料14C –proline 14C-脯氨酸3H-thymidine 3H胸腺核苷Synchodroses 软骨联合Intramenbranous bone formation 膜内成骨Endochondral bone formation 软骨内成骨Interstital growth 间隙生长Growth remodeling 生长改建Deposition 沉积新骨Resorption 吸收Growth fields 生长场Mosaic pattern 镶嵌式Growth sites 生长区Growth center 生长中心Growth movement 生长移动Drifts 推移Skeletal age 骨龄Dental age 牙龄Mental age 智龄Age of sexual maturation 性成熟龄Genetic contral theory 遗传控制理论Phenotypic 表现型Genotype 基因型Cartilage-dirested growth theory软骨生长理论Moss’hypothesis of functional matrix Moss 功能基质假说Functional cranial component 功能颅成份Functional matrix 功能基质Cheveron analysis 臂章图分析法Skeletal unit 骨单位Microskeletal unit 微小骨单位Macroskeletal unit 大骨单位Periosteal matrics 骨膜基质Capsular matrices 囊性基质Cerehro-spinal fluid 脑脊液Meninges 脑膜Functional space of oronasopharynx口鼻咽功能腔隙Local epigenetic factors 局部渐成因素Intrisic genetic factors 固有遗传因素General epigenetic factors 一般渐成因素Local environmental factors 局部环境因素General enviromental factors 一般环境因素Servosystem hypothesis 饲服系统假说Secondary cartilage 继发性软骨Primary cartilages 原发性软骨Feedback loops 反馈链Onstantly changing reference input维持变化着的参照输入量Cantrolled variable 受控制的变量Operation of confrantation上下牙弓间的相对作用Deviation signal 偏差信息Somatomedin 生长素生长介质Entoderm 内胚叶Mesoblast 中胚叶Epiblast 外胚叶Endomph 内胚叶体型Mesomoph 中胚叶体型Ectomoph 外胚叶体型Neuraldeficits 神经缺陷Morphogenetic pattern 形态生长型Electromyograph EMG 肌电图检查Biostermetric 生物立体摄影术。