河南省郑州市第一中学2020学年高二英语上学期入学测试试题完形填空（每题1.5分）The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has(1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ？Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal governmenta (4) to make the Web a safer place---- a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) whichsystem to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticatedcould navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that wouldrequire an Internet driver's license (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on"systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe"neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs".Still, the administration's plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud theapproach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, whoworry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.(1)A．swept B．skipped C．walked D．ridden(2)A．for B．within C．while D．though(3)A．careless B．lawless C．pointless D．helpless(4)A．reason B．reminder C．compromise D．proposal(5)A . information B．interference C．entertainment D．equivalent(6)A. by B. into C. from D. over(7)A. linked B. directed C. chained D. compared(8)A. dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve(9)A. recall B. suggest C. select D. realize(10)A. released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered(11)A. carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in(12) A. In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In cintrast(13) A. trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing(14) A. caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience(15) A. on B. after C. beyond D. across(16) A. divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united(17) A. frequently B. incidentally C. occassionally D. eventually(18) A. skepticism B. tolerence C. indifference D. enthusiasm(19) A. manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible(20) A. invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A.Our math test started and I was sitting there and working away quite quickly.I looked around with 15 minutes left, because I had finished and was checking my test.I noticed something very special!Mr. Ward was staring right at one of the kids that seemed to be onlyhalfway done with his test. Every test we took, there was always one guy scrambling at the last minute to finish his test. He would turn the pages and you saw blank spot after blank spot. Sometimes I even saw entire pages that were left blank. Mr. Ward did not take his eyes off this kid. It seemed strange to me. For the rest of the test, Mr. Ward watched that kid as he struggled furiously, tapping papers back and forth and writing furiously and erasing even more furiously. He seemed to use his calculator a lot more than he needed.After the test was finished, Mr. Ward gave his end of the year speech, basically alongthe lines of good luck and good job. Then I saw him go to the kid he was watching and tell the kid to go into the hall.Mr. Ward walked out of the room and went into the hall silently. He closed the doorand from that moment on, I heard about 4 minutes of Mr. Ward shouting at kid. He got his test torn up and a zero for the end of the year exam and also failed for the term and had to take summer school.That was the first and the last time that I had seen Mr. Ward ever yell like that.Obviously the guy had written his answers inside the sleeve of the calculator and every time he was “using his calculator” he was really looking at theformulas and other information he had written inside of the sleeve, which was all in vain because Mr. Ward spotted it a mile away.21.F rom this passage we know that .A.Mr. Ward disliked his studentsB.the student Mr. Ward was staring at wasn’t good at mathematics at allC.the student Mr. Ward was noticing was working at his test quicklyD.the author was trying to help the kid out22.T he underlined word “lines” in paragraph 4 refers to .A. the math examsB. the summer schoolC. the math papersD. Mr. Ward’s speech23.T he student used his calculator again and again because he .A.intended to attract Mr. Ward’s attentionB.needed to calculateC.wanted to glance at what he had hidden inside the sleeve of the calculatorD.felt too frightened to use it properly with Mr. Ward staring at him.24.W e can infer from this passage that .A.Mr. Ward was working as a math teacher for a long time.B.the student was asking the author for help when caught cheating in theexam.C.Mr. Ward regretted not having let the student pass the examD.the students were taking their final-term mathexam.BA New Island for IcelandReykjavik, November 16, 1963Today I have seen a new land on fire rising from the sea – a new creation making its mark on the map of the world.It has been clear and fine in the south of Iceland and this was an unforgettable sight asthe steam clouds from the submarine volcano close to the Westman Islands rose to 25,000 feet.The new island is now 1,500 feet long and 130 feet above sea level where the depth is60 fathoms. It is rising still and today it has been observed from ships and aircraft.The south of Iceland, where the capital, Reykjavik, is situated, is always liable to earthquakes and eruptions. Today, from the coast about 50 miles form Reykjavik, I watched the column of steam, black then white, ever changing and rising. It remindedme of the column from an atomic bomb, though certainly more beautiful and muchwilder. At the top the rays of the setting sun may be seen like a crown to the newborn island.Thousands of people in cars, eager to see this wonder of Nature, are leaving the cityof Reykjavik for the coast.Many people said Iceland is getting much larger and they could not concealtheir patriotic pride. Others said this would mean an increase in Iceland’s territorial waters. The new island would now become the southerly part of Iceland.On the Westman Islands everyone has been out watching it. Hardly any work is done.All are spellbound.The Westman Islanders welcome their new neighbour. They hope the eruption will not touch their own town, carrying ash and lava: but they are optimistic. The children have been given a holiday from school to see a sight that will remain in their memories until they are old.Scientists are also busy. Some think the island will disappear again. A coastguard hasgot to within 500 yards of the eruption. Observers aboard said that the island is made of pumice and lava. As it rises and the craters get above sea-level, the eruption gets more like a land borne volcano.Icelanders have already begun thinking about its name. Some want to name it afterOlafur Thors, who handed in his resignation as Prime Minister on the day the eruption started.Others want to name it after Saint Brandan, an Irish monk who was the first to see theocean burning near Iceland in the fifth century, 300 years before the advent of the Vikings.Icelandic and foreign ships have been warned not to approach too near this latesteruption as unexpected flood-waves might rise, and rock formations might endanger ships.Many fishermen will want to know if the eruption will influence the fishing as this isthe chief spawning-place south of Iceland. Time will show if it will harm the fishing industries of the Westman Islands or not, where hundreds of fishing boats are stationed. Travelers of many foreign nations fish these areas, among them the British.25.I celand’s newborn island _ .A. is the only island in the south of IcelandB. is one of the two islands in this area.C. has arisen near the Westman IslandsD. is 25,000 feet above sea level26.W hich of the following is true?A.The newborn island might disappear some day.B.The Westman Islanders hate and fear the new creationC.The new island had resulted in the resignation of Iceland’s Prime Minister.D.Settlement of the island has begun.27.F ishermen pay great attention to the eruption because .A.they fear it may affect their catchesB.they are like childrenC.they want the island to be named in their honourD.Iceland’s territorial waters may increaseCJudging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the lightbulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts fromthe 18th and19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat ontheir sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okey because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of theday. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society,you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think y ou lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects througha set of psychological and performance test requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,”says Dr. David. “short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions a nd to concentrate.”28.P eople in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours anight becausethey had _______ .A. no electric lightingB. no drive and ambitionC. the best sleep habitsD. nothing to do in the evening29.A ccording to Dr. David, Americans __ .A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB.can get by on 6.5 hours of sleepC.do not know how to relax themselves properlyD.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit30.M any Americans believe that ___ .A.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeB.sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyC.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD.enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition31.T he word “subjects” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to .A.the psychological consequences of sleep deficitB.special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC.people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD.the performance tests used in the study of sleepdeficit DHealth food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered morehealthy than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives(添加剂), is into. The most exact term of all andthe narrowest classification within health food is organic food, used to describe foodthat has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides（杀虫剂）, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic food.In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food.Bread is typically used by health food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely harmful. Later. The grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical which is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.A very poisonous anti-fungal compound, is added to keep the bread from gettingmoldy.Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety.32.W hat is the passage mainly about?A. Health food.B. The processing of breadC. Processed foodD. Poisons33.W hat do all of the additives in bread have in common?A.They are all used to keep the bread from getting moldy.B.They are all poisonous.C.They are all organic.D.They have all killed laboratory animals.34.W hat happens to food when it is processed?A.The basic content remains the same.B.Vitamin is not available after processing.C.The vitamin content increases a bit.D.The vitamin content is greatly reduced.35.W e normally buy food on the basis of __ .A. organic varietyB. beautyC. refined contentsD. color and texture第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。