• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
•I heard my name called.
2018/10/6 8
• 状语:状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行 为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由 副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语 充当，也可由从句来充当．
2018/10/6 16
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm,
Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves
books.
2018/10/6
17
句子成份练习
1、You should study hard.
2018/10/6
22
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 四： Ｓ Ｖ O Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
2018/10/6 23
种 类型 类 1 S+V ２ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋O ３ Ｓ＋V＋P ４ S+V+O+O ５ S+V+O+C
2018/10/6
主 语 S We He
谓语 表语/宾语 宾语 动词 p/o o v work. plays the violin. students. a pen.
宾补c
We are
she gave me He made me
-- The old man was feeling very tired.
-- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
句子成分和基本句型
2018/10/6
1
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第 一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？
！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
2018/10/6 2
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语 （predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语 （complement）、同位语。
• 定语:定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词， 数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分 词，从句都可以充当定语． • The black bike is mine. • What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping. • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack.
2018/10/6 6
• 宾语:宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词， 短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物 动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
2018/10/6 19
2018/10/6
20
按句子的结构可分三种：
简单句:主+谓
并列句：简+连+简 复合句：主+连+从
2018/10/6 21
简单句
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或 并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.
laugh.
24
基本句型一
S +Vi.（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语 动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、 介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。
2018/10/6
25
Ｓ
Ｖi （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 状语
11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game. 同位语 12. After graduation he will work where he came from. 状语
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
2018/10/6 9
4. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 5. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
2018/10/6
12
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
2018/10/6
14
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 1. He asked her to study hard. 2. She found it difficult to do the work. 3. They call me Lily sometimes. 4. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
2018/10/6
I think that he is good boy.
7
• 宾语补足语:在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达 完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表 达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作 用．它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式， 现在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
2018/10/6 4
• 谓语：说明主语做什么，以什么状态或 特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构 成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
2018/10/6
27
Ｓ
Ｖ（是系动词）
Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face
is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
2018/10/6
28
系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使 用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语， 系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表 语的作用。
宾语+宾补
2018/10/6
7、We watched the train leaving the station. 宾语+宾补
18
8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 宾语+宾补
主语
9. There seems little hopes of success.
2018/10/6 3
• 主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题 的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动 名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
2018/10/6
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. have gone.
26
基本句型 二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）