英语句子成分及基本句型
1.1 句子成分
A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
He can speak English well.
C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有
be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
Who was the first?
He is out of condition.
The book is what I n eed.
D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。
宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。
直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。
Give him a cup of coffee.
E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
Please make yourself at home.
Please keep the dog out.
We must keep it a secret.
F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you known Betty’s sister?
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
I met a friend on my way home.
G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
He always comes late to school.
讲出划线部分的句子成分：
1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.
2．I have a lot to say on this matter.
3．Please give me some advice.
4．She is quite all right now.
5．A lonely person is always alone.
6．A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
7．To travel abroad one must have a passport.
8．He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.
9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.
10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?
1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)
(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.
(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.
(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.
(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.
(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.
分析句子结构:
1．What you said made me happy.
2．Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
3．After he finished his homework, he went away.
4. He likes pop music.
5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.
7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.
8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。