评语：将英文和中文都分别整理到一起即可再发给我。
翻译可以过关了。
Microprocessors and MicrocontrollersChapter OutlineIntroductionMicroprocessors and MicrocontrollersThe 280 and the 8051A Microcontroller SurveyDevelopment Systems for MicrocontrollersSummary微处理器和微控制器章节纲要1、介绍2、微处理器、微控制器3、Z80和85014、一个单片机调查5、开发系统的控制器6、摘要The past two decades have seen the introduction of a technology that has radically changedthe way in which we analyze and control the world around us. Born of parallel developments in computer architecture and integrated circuit fabrication. the microprocessor. or"computer on a chip," first became a commercial reality in 1971 with the introduction ofthe 4-bit 4004 by a small. unknown company by the name of Intel Corporation. Other.more well-established, semiconductor firms soon followed Intel's pioneering technologyso that by the late 1970s one could choose from a half dozen or so microprocessor types.The 1970s also saw the growth of the number of personal computer users from ahandful of hobbyists and "hackers" to millions of business. industrial. governmental.defense. educational. and private users now enjoying the advantages of inexpensivecomputing.A by-product of microprocessor development was the microcontroller. The same fabrication techniques and programming concepts that make possible the general-purposemicroprocessor also yielded the microcontroller.Microcontrollers are not as well known to the general public, or even the technical community, as are the more glamorous microprocessors. The public is. however. verywell aware that "something" is responsible for all of the smart VCRs. clock radios. Washers and dryers. video games. telephones. microwaves. TVs. automobiles, toys. vendingmachines, copiers. elevators. irons. and a myriad of other articles that have suddenly become intelligent and "programmable . " Companies are also aware that being competitivein this age of the microchip requires their products. or the machinery they use to makethose products. to have some "smarts."The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the concept of a microcontroller and survey a representative group. The remainder of the book will study one of the most populartypes, the 8051. in detail.过去二十年来,我们已经发现一个技术的引进,已经从根本上改变了我们分析和控制周围世界的方式。
计算机体系结构和集成电路制造的并行发展，微处理器或“计算机芯片”的诞生最初成为商业现实是在1971年，伴随着当时规模很小，并不知名的英特尔公司发布的一款4bit 处理器——4004。
此后，其他当时更具有规模和实力的半导体公司很快跟随着英特尔公司的开创性技术的脚步。
因此,一直到1970年末，人们已经可以从很多这种类型的微处理器中进行选择。
1970年左右，人们还见证了个人电脑用户从少数业余爱好者和“黑客”,到数以百万计的商务人士的数量的增长，工业、政府、防御、教育方面的用户和私人用户现在正享受着便宜的计算机信息处理技术。
微处理器发展的一个副产品就是微控制器。
同样的制造技术和编程概念给通过通用微处理器的知识来生产微控制器制造了可能。
微控制器并不被一般公众，甚至技术团体所熟知,它就像是更加富有魅力的微处理器。
然而公众就是充分意识到有一种“东西”就是负责让所有的时髦录像机、自动定时开关收音机、洗衣机和烘干机，电动游戏、电话、微波炉、电视、汽车、玩具、自动售货机、复印机、电梯、熨斗，和无数的其他用品突然变得“智能化”和“可程序化”。
公司也意识到为了在这个充满了微芯片的时代里要能够保持充分的竞争力，就需要要求他们用那些产品的配件和机械设备来制造的产品拥有一些“智慧”。
本章的目的是介绍一种单片机的概念和一个具有代表性的团体的调查。
这本书的剩余部分将详细地研究一个最受欢迎的为控制器的型号——8051。
Microprocessors and MicrocontrollersMicroprocessors and microcontrollers stem from the same basic idea. are made by thesame people. and are sold to the same types of system designers and programmers. Whatis the difference between the two?2、微处理器、微控制器微处理器和微控制器都是源自相同的基本理念。
它们是由同一群人创造，而且也是卖给同一类型的系统设计师和程序员。
那么，到底这两者之间的区别是什么呢?我们就通过对于这两者的概念的了解，和对它们的对比之中来更加深刻的了解一下微处理器和微控制器。
MicroprocessorsA microprocessor. as the term has come to be known. is a general-purpose digital com-puter central processing unit (CPU). Although popularly known as a "computer on achip." the microprocessor is in no sense a complete digital computer.Figure 1.1 shows a block diagram of a microprocessor CPU. which contains an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). a program counter (PC). a stack pointer (SP). some working registers. a clock timing circuit. and interrupt circuits.To make a complete microcomputer. one must add memory. usually read-only program memory (ROM) and random-access data memory (RAM). memory decoders. anoscillator, and a number of input/output(I/O) devices, such as parallel and serial dataports. Additionally. special-purpose devices. such as interrupt handlers. or counters. may微处理器微处理器，这个术语已被人熟知。
它实际上就是一个通用的数字计算机中央处理器(CPU)。
尽管通常被称为“电脑芯片”。
另外，微处理器其实并不是一个完整的数字计算机。
图1.1显示了一个关于微处理器CPU的框图。
它包含了一个算术逻辑单元(ALU)、一个程序计数器(PC)、栈指示器(SP)、一些工作寄存器、一个时钟计时电路和中断电路。
为了做一个完整的微型电子计算机，人们必须要添加内存。
通常有只读存储器(ROM)和随机存取的数据存储器(RAM)，内存解码器，一个振荡器和大量的输入/输出(I / O)设备，例如并行和串行数据端口。
另外，还有一些专用设备，如中断处理程序或计数器，也许会被添加进CPU，从而从原来的浪费时间计算和定时安排杂务等方面减轻了CPU的负担。