Unit 3 Art for Art’s SakeActive reading (1)Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why does the writer divide listening to music into three types of experience?(a) It is important to keep the different types of experience separate.(b) It makes it easier to understand what is happening when we listen to music.(c) It is the traditional way of referring to the experience of listening.(d) Different people listen on different planes, according to the type of person they are.2 What is the main characteristic of the sensuous plane?(a) It is the sort of feeling we get when listening to music on the radio.(b) It can only be experienced by people who aren’t musicians.(c) It is a reaction we have which is generated by the sound of the music.(d) It does not give us any real sense of pleasure. (It does give us pleasure.)3 What is the main characteristic of the expressive plane?(a) It can only be experienced by intelligent people.(b) It is when we believe the composer is communicating something to us.(c) It is a controversial concept; some composers don’t think it exists.(d) It is most obviously apparent in the music of Stravinsky.4 What is the main characteristic of the musical plane?(a) It can only be experienced by people who have studied to read music.(b) It is the ability to experience different musical elements.(c) It is the plane that we experience instinctively, without realizing it.(d) It is the easiest of the three planes to appreciate.5 How do most people usually listen to music?(a) On only one plane at any given moment.(b) On all three planes at the same time.(c) Without paying enough attention.(d) Without understanding what they are doing.6 Why does the writer end the passage by referring to the theatre?(a) The theatre also offers three types of experience.(b) Composers are like the characters in a play.(c) Theatre is the form of art which is most similar to music.(d) The audience in a theatre are like musicians in an orchestra.3 Match the liste ners’ activities with the planes they are on.1 They understand the way the composer is thinking.(c) musical plane2 They are doing something else at the same time.(a) sensuous plane3 They recognize different elements in the music.(c) musical plane4 They just want to escape from everyday reality.(a) sensuous plane5 They feel sad or happy because of the music.(b) expressive plane6 They think the music they are listening to has a meaning.(b) expressive planeDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well- Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is (3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Sh h! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy)It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking about something else?3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully?7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.2 Who does the writer address as you?(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.Active reading (2)Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What type of painting is Girl with a Pearl Earring?It’s a world-famous portrait painted by Vermeer around 1665.2 Who was the model for the painting?Griet, a young girl who is thought to work in Vermeer’s house.3 How much of the novel is based on fact?The setting and some of the main ideas are factual but the details of the story are speculation and fiction.4 What was the relationship between Griet and Vermeer?Griet was a maid in Vermeer’s household and she became his model. Vermeer thought she had some artistic talent.5 Why did Griet leave the Vermeer household?Vermeer’s daughter and wife found out that Griet was modeling for Vermeer. Griet got embarrassed when the wife stormed into the studio, so she left.6 What differences are there between the book and the film?According to the film, the earrings are finally delivered to Griet and the audience is left wondering if she marries Pieter. The novel does not talk about it.4 Match the events with their sources.1 Griet gets a job with the Vermeer family.(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier2 Vermeer makes a hole in Griet’s ear.(c) in the film version of the novel3 Vermeer marries a Catholic girl called Catharina.(a) known fact4 Catharina is jealous of Griet.(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier5 Vermeer becomes a Catholic.(a) known fact6 Van Ruijven wants to be painted with Griet.(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier7 Vermeer grows up in Delft.(a) known fact8 Somebody sends the earrings to Griet after Vermeer’s death.(c) in the film version of the novel9 Griet becomes Vermeer’s assistant.(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier10 Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer sees her hair.(b) in the novel by Tracy ChevalierDealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait)3 relating to people’s homes and family life (domestic)4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior)5 as a result (consequently)6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artists became interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’s Mona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted)2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the local government was definitely one of the victims. (distort)4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings. (pierce)5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals)6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break. (in the meantime)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or (b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it, or (b) leave its meaning unclear?8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling in men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn’t love you any more?Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Form compound nouns to indicate:1 a writer of songs (songwriter)2 a director of films (film director)3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf)4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack)5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick)6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace)7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)might have been / done2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .1 It’s possible that the artist and the mo del became lovers.The artist and the model might have been lovers.2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.The model mi ght have become Vermeer’s assistant.4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.Vermeer might have died in poverty.may be due to the fact that …3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the factthat …1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese andI don’t speak much Spanish.4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a day when he was quite small.insist that …4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done.She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。