《土木工程专业英语》考点提炼二
一、词汇汉译英
1.初步设计：preliminary design ：
2.屈服强度：yield strength
3.水灰比：water-to-cement ratio
4.空气调节：air conditioning
5.园艺：horticultural
6.承重墙：bearing wall
7.管道；沟渠：conduit
8.骨架：framework
9.有限的；临界的：terminate
10.分层：stratification
二、词汇英译汉
1.Residential:住宅
2.high-rise building:高层建筑
3.boundary:界限
4.refuse disposal:垃圾处理
5.sedimentation:沉降
6.reinforced concrete:钢筋混凝土
7.construction management:工程管理
8.refuse disposal：垃圾处理
9.water treatment and disposal：水处理
10.Air-pollution control：空气污染控制
三、句子英译汉
1、The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation,is that part of a building below ground.
上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是建筑物的地下部分。
2、Good planning guides the visitor to his destination in the structure and impresses him，perhaps subconsciously，by visibly relating the several units of the edifice．
好的方案可以使来访者在建筑中找到其目的地并留下印象，这种印象也许是下
意识地通过把大的建筑体系中一些单元明显地联系起来而造成的。
3、Foundations still are a hidden but costly part of many buildings.
基础仍然是许多建筑物隐蔽的而且花费昂贵的部分。
4、In a steel structure，the economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the building.
在钢结构中，可以根据建筑物的每平方英尺楼板面积所需要钢材的总平均数量
来限定经济。
5、Uneven settlements can have damaging effects---the building may lean, walls and partitions may crack, windows and doors may become inoperative, and, in the extreme, a building may collapse.
不均匀沉降会造成破坏性作用——建筑物发生倾斜，墙体和隔墙会发生裂缝，
窗户和门无法打开，最严重的是，建筑物坍塌。
6、Stone has been so dominant in the architecture of the Western world that forms appropriate to it have been preserved even in
buildings constructed of wood．
石料在西方世界的建筑中占很大的优势以至于适合它的形式即使在木材修建的
大楼里都得到了保存。
四、句子汉译英
1、运输工程师在设计每一个工程的过程中，既要运用技术知识，也要考虑经济、政治和社会的因素。
Transportation engineers apply technological knowledge as well as consideration of the economic, political, and social factors in designing each project.
2、在地表附近的土壤不能支撑建筑物的重量的情况下，打下木桩、钢桩、混凝土桩使土壤密实性提高。
In cases where the soil near the surface is unable to support the weight of the building, piles of wood, steel, or concrete are driven down to firm soil.
3、基础的设计取决于许多土壤的因素，比如土壤的类型，土壤的分层组成，土层的厚度以及它们的密实性和地下水的情况。
The design of a foundation depends on many soil factors, such as type of soil, soil stratification, thickness of soil layers and their compaction, and groundwater conditions.
4、更大的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更大，以便于它们在风荷载作用下不会倾斜到允许的范围之外。
Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make
buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit．。