定语从句思维导图易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂,高考除了单独考查定语从句外,还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
纵观近年各地高考试题,不难发现其考点主要包括:1.考查如何正确选择关系词解题思路:找出从句,确定被修饰词,即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句,判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语,则选择关系代词;若作状语则选关系副词。
2.考查whose的用法whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。
指物时,whose+名词=名词+ofwhich=of which+名词。
如:Theclassroomwhosedoor/the doorof which/ofwhich thedoor is broken is on the second floor.3.考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句尤其要重视which,as引导的非限制性定语从句和that,what引导的主语从句的区别。
4.考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如:I,who amyourclose friend,will trymybest to help you whenever you arein trouble.5.考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句①“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which,不能用that。
关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如:The teacherinfront of whose housestands atall tree isvery patient with his students.②同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。
如:(1)He loves his parents deeply,both ofwhomarevery kind to him.(定语从句)(2)Heloves hisparents deeplyand bothof them are very kind to him.(并列句)③此外,“介词+which+名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。
如:Hewas veryill, in whichcase(=and in this case)we senthimto hospital first.6.考查一些特殊的先行词(1)当situation, point, position, case, activity,scene,job,race, sta ge, degree及period,festival,occasion(场合/时机)等出现时,要注意具体情况具体分析。
这类词作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词that或which;作状语时,用关系副词where,when或“介词+which”。
(2) the way 做先行词,当它在从句中作方式状语时,其后的关系词用in which/that/省略;当它作主语/宾语时,其后的关系词用which/that。
7.考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别(1)It wasthis small village where we gottoknoweach other.(定语从句)(2)It was inthissmall village that we got toknow each other.(强调句)(3)It was 1914when the warbroke out.(时间状语从句)导入:e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is agirlwho is beautiful.(一)定语从句定义1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某个____或_____的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,2.先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。
3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系代词的种类:关系代词____,______,______,_______,_______,______关系副词:_____,where,why4.定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. InJapan,someone whoseesanother person makingthegesture will thinkitmeans money.3.Oprah Winfrey isa black womanwhose riseto fame isan inspir ing story.(二)定语从句分类限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,对先行词起修饰限定作用,从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它,则句义显得不完整,一般不用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词关系松散,用逗号隔开。
1.The man who gavemethis book is Tom.(________)2.Tom,who is readinga book,ismyclassmate (_____________)(三)关系代词先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
人定语(说明是“谁的”)人/ 物主语/ 宾语物主语/ 宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1. who指人,在定语从句中作_____语,口语中可做_____语;that 也可指人,但多用who.e.g. The man_____is sittingunderthe tree is aGerman .The students ______speaksGermanbest comes from China.Theman________you wantto see is here .2. Whom指_____,在句中做____,可省略,但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。
e.g.Theman(_____)you look forhas left .I knowthe girl(_______)the teacheris speaking to .I knowthe girl to________the teacheris speaking .3.whose,作定语,可指人或物=the +n +of which=of whichthe +ne.g. Everyone heplps the child _____parentsare dead.They are the lazy students ____homework wasn’thanded in.针对练习2011全国卷I)Theprize will go to thewriter ________ story sho ws the most imagination.A.thatB.which C. whose D. what 2011四川卷)The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, isclosed few the holidays.ﻩA.which B. whose C. when D. where3.〖10山东〗That’s the new machine ______ partsare too small tobe seen.A.thatB. whichC.whose D. What4.〖10陕西〗The old temple_______roof was damagedin storm isnow under repair.A. whereB. which C.its D. whose5.〖10北京〗Children whoarenotactive or diet is high infatwill gainweight quickly.A. what B.whose C.whichD.that6.〖10重庆〗In china, thenumber ofcities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.A. whereﻩﻩﻩB. whichﻩﻩﻩC. whoseﻩD.that4.that 指___或______,多指物,作_____语(不能省略)或_____语(可省略)e.g. He isthefinest comrade_____hashelpedus .This is a plant _______grows inthe north .5.which,指_____,在句中做主语(不能省略),或宾语(可省略)。
e.g.Thisis a plant _______ grows inthenorth .常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况(共9种类型)。
1.当先行词是all, everything, anything,nothing,much, little, none, one 等不定代词时,只用that。
歌诀助记:不定代词这路货,全用that准没错。
Payattention toeverything _____Ido.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。
歌诀助记:先行词前被限定,千万不要用which.This is the best novel (______) have read.ﻩ3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时,关系代词用that。
歌诀助记:两项并列人与物,引导定从用that.Theywere talking aboutthe person and things______theyrememb ered in school.4.当先行词被theonly,thelast, thevery, the same等等修饰时。
This is the last time ______Ishall giveyou a lesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。
Which of the students ______ knows something about history.6.当先行词被All,every,no,some, any, little,much等修饰时,只用that。
Hehas little time______ he can spare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时,(被修饰成分是代名词one,指人时除外)只用that.I’vegotone______ you might be interested in.(3)用which,不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句。