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➢ 4. Assessment: Exam
Total grades = 20% of Regular Grades + 80%of the Final Exam
* Regular Grades consists of 10% of class attendance and 10% of assignments
Communicative rhetoric the choice of words, the choice of sentences, paragraph and essay construction
Aesthetic rhetoric: figures of speech (phonetic, syntactic, semantic, logic)
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Plato and Aristotle
2.1 Origin of Western Rhetoric
It is said that the “art of rhetoric” originated in Syracuse锡拉库扎(意大 利西西里岛东部一港市), a Greek colony on the island of Sicily, in about 465 B.C.. When the dictators on the island were overthrown and democracy was established, people went to court to claim the ownership of the land which had been taken from them during the dictator’s reign. However, the Greek system required that citizens represent themselves in court instead of hiring attorneys to speak on their behalf as we can today. Therefore, the rhetoric came into being to “make the best possible case and to represent it persuasively to the jury” (Hu Shuzhong, 2011:433). Probate court 遗嘱检验法庭
➢5. Text Book
胡曙中：《现代英语修辞学》，上海外语教育出版社，2011年9月第1版
➢6. Reference Books
黄 任：《英语修辞与写作》，上海外语教育出版社，1999. 张秀国：《英语修辞学》，清华大学出版社、北京交通大
学出版社，2005 李鑫华：《英语修辞格详论》，上海外语教育出版社，2000
---Francis Bacon
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The study of rhetoric goes back to ancient Greece, when speakers began to practice the art of persuasion in courts of law. The ancients realized that presentation is as important, or perhaps more important, as facts.
English Rhetoric
Chapter One Introduction to English Rhetoric
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Contents of This Chapter Ⅰ. About the Course Ⅱ.Definition of Rhetoric Ⅲ.Classification of Rhetoric Ⅳ. Purpose of learning rhetoric Ⅴ. Arrangement and Requirements
• the foundation of rhetoric • more than ordinary speech but a special kind of public speaking (a
special purpose, a special way, a special time) • to impress, convince, or move the audience to action
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Ⅱ Definition of Rhetoric
➢ Whoever does not study rhetoric will become a victim of it. ---Ancient Greek wall inscription
➢ Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.
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Ⅰ About the Course
➢ 1. Optional course of English Major ➢ 2. Learners: Seniors of English Major ➢ 3. Main content:
General idea about English rhetoric a brief and interesting survey of the history of rhetoric with emphasis on several major classical rhetoricians and their theories and application
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2.2 rhetoric and oratory
Oratory: Oratory had been practiced long before the ancient rhetoricians developed a theory and a vocabulary for rhetoric.