2009年浙江省高中证书会考书面表达考前指导HOW TO WRITE A GOOD ESSAY濮董华一、浙江省会考各种命题形式分析三种命题类型（Three Types）1. 中英文提示（Chinese or English clues）2. 图表（chart）3. 开放式或半开放式命题提示：重视图文和图表类的审要点训练启发学生对开放式表达的思路二、1、WHA T TO WRITE？。
审题（analyse）。
明确任务（task）。
决定要点（main ideas）2、HOW TＯWRITE？。
明白要点（find out）。
提炼要点（ensure）。
扩充细节（enlarge）。
组织语篇(organize)。
检查语句（Check）三、写议论文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。
第一段往往说明话题,可以适当延伸。
（topic）第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因或利弊。
（reasons/causes/advantages/disadvantages）第三段提出解决问题的办法或结论。
（measures，advice or conclusion）V ocabullary：开头句式—点明主题常用词：Recently our class have a debate/discussion/survey/ about whether it is right/necessary for us to do sth.数据比较、分析差异、描写变化、支持主题常用词：。
增加—- grow, rise, increase, raise, go up …。
减少—-fall, drop, reduce, decrease, go down…。
but, while, however, on the contrary(转折关系）。
compared with/to, in contrast（对比关系）。
as…as, the same as，similar to（类似关系）。
different from, among, between...（不同关系）结尾句式：归纳总结、发表看法常见词语：In a word, In short, In conclusion,Generally speaking, To my knowledge,As far as I’m concerned,As we all know，We can learn from….We can draw the conclusion that… .It’s clear from the chart that …. .四、议论文写作应考虑的几点（Considerations）：1. 文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic）, 阐明观点或看法。
（A clear topic）2. 使用连接词, 分层次说明理由、缘由（supporting sentences）。
3. 归纳总结，首尾呼应。
（Conclusion）4、在议论文中为了使句子结构清晰、要点明确、可以使用以下的几组词汇：。
First(ly),...., Second(ly), ....Third(ly), stly/Finally, ...。
On one hand, ......On the other hand,...。
.First,...Besides,...Also,....。
For one thing,.....For another,....五、半开放式书面表达：关键在于适度拓展.按照提示，谈谈阅读的好处：1）阅读对人有很大好处；2）读书给我们带来很大乐趣；3）书是我们最好的朋友。
Reading does a lot of good to human beings.We can enjoy the great pleasures that reading gives us.Books are our best friends.按照提示，先写出文章主题句，并将文章完成，加上拓展的句子和连接词，使上下文连贯、自然。
谈谈阅读的好处：1）阅读对人有很大好处；2）读书给我们带来很大乐趣；3）书是我们最好的朋友。
Reading does a lot of good to human beings. …We can enjoy the great pleasures that reading gives us.For one thing,, reading can enrich our knowledge and widen our eyesight.Besides, we can share the the writer’s ideas and communicate wit h him who lived long ago.For another thing,, we can talk about the book that we have read. This helps us make friends with other people.Books are our best friends….范文：Reading does a lot of good to human beings. Many people like reading books in their spare time. It has become part of their lives.On the one hand,,reading can enrich our knowledge and widen our eyesight. When we read at home we can travel around the world and understand the things around us clearly. Meanwhile, we can share the writer’s ideas and communicate with him who lived long ago. On the other hand, we can talk about the book that we have read. This helps us make friends with other people. Therefore, those who can enjoy books can get much happiness from books.Generally speaking, books are our best friends. Reading good books should become our life-long hobby. 六、月考作文范例:广告的利弊Group A：1）虚假广告太多，坑害消费者2）占用报纸太多的版面，浪费纸张；3）占用电视、广播太多的时间4）应该被取缔。
Group B：1）广告能指导消费，使消费者了解商品；2）广告能给人以艺术的享受；3）但光该太多会使人心烦；4）应当适当发展广告，提高广告质量。
Assessment Principles:首先根据,文章内容、语言、逻辑、连接、字数等整体印象(global impression)确定所属档次；然后根据该档次的要求进行衡量和比较；最后在该档次的5分内给出相对准确的分数。
Common Mistakes in Writing1. 散乱型—不着边际胡乱写(order)2.逻辑混乱型—多出现在语句或情节描绘中(logic )3. 语法不通型—出现在语句中(grammar)4. 误用词语型—语句中用词错误(drill)5. 粗心大意型—不认真阅读提示，或错写内容或丢三落四;(careless)6. 喧宾夺主型—不分主次, 丢掉主要内容,而将非主要内容大写特写.(key point)Student Example:How about this essay?Where are the problems?I think advertising can help people to know about things, can give people some artic feels. But there are too much bad advertising on TV. They are not only boring but also dirty.It makes little people like to see advertising.2008 is a important year, in olympic Games year,we can’t let those in our society. So our advice is please give us a cleaner world.My assessment1、Bad paragraphs2、Bad structure.3、No connections.4、Lack main points.My points：8Good ExampleWith the development of advertising, ads have been connected with people’s lfe. Is it good or bad? We had a discussion.Some people think ads don’t t ell the facts about the advertised products. Aslo, they take up too much time on TV and the radio, and covers too much space in newspapers and magazines, which wastes a lot of paper. What’s worse, there are some false ads that cheat people into buying thei rproducts.Therefore, they believe ads should be stopped.Some other people think ads can help us make better choices about what to buy by offering us the latest information about various goods. Morever, many well-done ads are popular and entertaining, which appeal to the consumers. However, too many ads can be annoying. Therefore, we should develop advertising properly and improve the quality of ads.In my opinion, I prefer the view of Group A/B because ……七、Writing Practice假如你叫王芳。