注①：动名词（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构：
a. It’s no use sending him over. It’s too late already.
It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything.
It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，
往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)
He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)
在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况
Mary is considering changing her job.
I enjoy working with you.
Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?
另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其
中有：begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love,
而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s
essential … / It’s fitting … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：
It’s important to learn foreign languages.
It’s quite necessary to read it maany times.
a
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注②：动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：

动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语
是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可
用副词来修饰。
现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态
等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，
中不能互换：
a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，
主语也要用不定式，如：
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
a
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b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名
词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜 用不定式来代替：
b. There’s no joking about such matters.
There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next.
There’s no telling what he’s goina g to do.
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注②：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的
consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up,
can’t help, imagine, keep (on), don’t mind, miss, practise, put off,
stop, go on, resist, suggest等，如：
It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例如： It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. It’s no good waiting here. Let’s walk home.
动名词
a
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一、动名词的形式
一般式 完成式
主动形式 doing
having done
被动形式 being done having been done
a
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二、功能及用法
1．动名词（短语）做主语，如： Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing.
如：
My job is looking after the children.
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
The situation is encouraging.
This cake is very inviting.
The volleyball match we watchaed was very exciting.
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3．动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多，如：
Hearing the words, she couldn’t help thinking of her past bitterness.
We all avoided mentioning that matter.
★ 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：
一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid, admit,
plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, can’t
afford等。
a
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上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要
注意下列几个情况：
A. 在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如：
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2．动名词（短语）作表语，如： Their job is building houses. His job is raising pigs.
注①：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表
语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： My favourite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.