Unit 8 Honesty:Is it Going out of Style?The purpose of the text: to master the meaning and the using method of the new words; to master the phrases andthe main point of thetextThe important point of the text: the new words; the using of wordgroups.Background InformationThe text is from Senior Scholastic,Oct. 31, 1980Author: Stacia Robbins, British writer.In recent years, there are heated discussions in China about the issue of cheating in exams. Some people hold that cheating only exists in China because of the fierce academic competition, however, the fact is that cheating is also rampant in America. There are reports that some universities require the students to show their ID card when attending an exam, in order to prevent cheating.In the text, the author shows her doubts: Is honesty going out of style? Or there are some other reasons? If the students are given sufficient trust, maybe they won’t commit cheating. Trust may bring back honesty.NEW WORDSHonesty :n. freedom from deceit, cheating, etc. 诚实Style: n. fashion 时髦Poll: n. survey of public opinion by putting questions to a representative selection of persons 民意测验Admit: v. state or agree to the truth of; confess 承认，供认Admission n.Temptation: n. the act of tempting or being tempted 引诱；诱惑 Peek: vi. look (at sth.) quickly, esp. when one should not 偷看behavio(u)r : n. way of behaving 行为behave:v.Indication: n. sign or suggestion 迹象Competency: n. ability; being competent 能力；胜任Diploma: n. official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study or passed an examination 文凭Corresponding: a. matching 相应的Criminal: a. of crimemisdemeano(u)r: n. crime that is less serious than, for example, stealing of murder 轻罪Charge: n. accusation 指控possess: n. have, own 占有，拥有advance: a. made available before the date of general publication or release 预先的regent: n. member of a governing board （学校董事会的）董事 drop: vt. give up; discontinue 放弃；革除traditional: a. of or according to tradition 传统的tradition: n.requirement: n. sth. required; sth. demanded as a condition 要求；必要条件prewritten: a. written beforehand; written in advancepsychology: n. science of the mind 心理学psychological: a.launch: vt. start, set going 发起；发动campaign: n. series of planned activities for some special purpose 运动file: vi. march or move in a line 排成纵队行进exit: n. way out of a place 出口（处）proctor: n. 临考人ID card: n. identity card 身份证dorm: n. (short for) dormitory 宿舍mug: n. the face or mouthshot: n. a single photographmug shot: n. (sl.) photograph of a person's face, used for purposesof identification 面部照片ringer: n. any person who pretends to be another 冒名顶替者applaud: vt. praise esp. by striking one's hands to gether 拍手称赞 campus: n. university; the grounds of a university, college, or school 大学;校园editorial: n. leading article 社论arrest: vt. seize (sb.) in the name of the law 逮捕speeder: n. person who drives an automobile at a higher speed than is lawful 违法超速驾驶者intent: n. purpose; intentionfrequently: ad. at short intervals, often 频繁地overcharge: vt. charge too much 对...要价太高customer: n. person who buys goods from a shop, esp. regularly 顾客myth: n. 神话unlike: prep. not like, different fromcherry: n. 樱桃biographer: n. person who writes about another person's life 传记作家ax(e): n. 斧子character: n. mental or moral qualities that make one person, race, etc. different from others 性格，品质moral: a. concerning principles of right of wrong 道德的reinforce: vt. encourage of strengthen 加强tax: n. 税，税款clue: n. sth. that helps to find an answer to a question 线索check-out: n. desk where one pays the bill of the goods one has chosen 结帐处supermarket: n. large shop where one serves oneself with food and goods 超级市场overnight: a. for or during the night 住一夜的；一整夜的inn: n. small hotel 小旅馆，客栈towel: n. 毛巾vast: a. very bignumerous : a. manywatch-dog: a. organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp.against unlawful practice 起监督作用的dishonesty: n. the quality of being dishonestreveal: vt. make known 揭露evidence: n. sign or proof 证据ebb: vi. (of the tide) flow back from the land to the sea; grow less;become weak or faint 落潮；低落，衰退flow: vi. (of the tide) come in; rise; run or spread smoothly （潮）涨；上升；流incident: n. event; happening 事件theft: n. (the act of, an instance of) stealingtend: vi. have a tendency 易于，往往会link: vt. join or connect 连接；联系economy: n. 经济anyway: ad. at all; in any case 究竟；无论如何tempt: vt. attract (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish 引诱system: n. 体制；制度systematic: a.distrust: n. lack of trust; mistrust 不信任，怀疑contagious: a. tending to spread easily from person to person 传染的out of style: no longer fashionable 过时的，不再流行according to: as stated or shown by; in a way that agrees with 按照，根据(be) faced with: 面对be hard on: 对...过分严厉on the rise: increasing steadily 在增长;在加剧a case in point: a very good example 恰当的例子all but: all except 除了...都(be) different from: unlike, not the same as 与...不同think of ... as: regard asin the case of: 就...来说,至于come to: arrive at a particular state or position 变成(某种状态) lie in: exist in 在于on the other hand: from the opposed point of view 另一方面,反过来说at one's best: in as good a state as possible 处于最佳状态go up: rise; increase 上升;增加go down: fall; decrease 下降;减少New Words and Expressions1.out of style & in style out of style: unfashionableExamples：a. The skirt has gone out of style.b. Honesty will never be out of style.2. admit to: (formal) confess to; not denyExamples:Did the young man admit to taking these commodities without paying for them?Mrs. Cross admits to being easily annoyed.Mr. Smith admitted readily to a great liking for horror films.3. It can be argued such a response may not mean much:It can be argued (that) money may not bring you happiness.It can be argued (that) success in exams may not mean much.4.be faced with: be confronted with; meet face to faceExamples:Now we arc all faced with a very difficult situation.Faced with such a rival, he has little chance of winning.5. be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden on Examples:Don't be too hard on the child.It's hard on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing.6. behavior: (1) way of behavingExamples:His son won a prize for good behavior at school.I am surprised to witness his rude behavior to his mother.(2) the way a machine behavesExample:The new furnace's behavior is satisfactory.7. indication: (1) sign or suggestionExamples:There is not much indication that the draught will be over soon. The bed showed indications of being slept in.(2) pointing to or outExamples:We use different tones for the indication of different meanings. The indication of that arrow is that visitors should turn left here.8.on the rise: increasingExamples:The number of students in our school is on the rise.The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV.9.corresponding:(1) matching Examples:The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two governments.The average temperature in July this year is 0.5 degree higher that in the corresponding period last year.(2) the same Examples:You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the one published in the newspaper.The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place.10. a case in point: a fit exampleExamples: An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case in point.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point isChicago.10. charge:Examples:Services charges are not included in hotel rates.You can dial 1 - 890 numbers free of charge.11. possess: have; ownExamples: He was charged with possessing drugs.He lost all he possessed in the fire.The witch possessed magic powers.12. requirement: sth. needed or demandedExamples: There is a greater requirement for electricity in summer than in any other season.We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers. Chinese, maths, and English are three major requirements in college entrance.ISO 9000 is a set of quality requirements.14. across the nation: throughout the country15. to do more than talk: to do something instead of just talking16. ... launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating: ... start a series of activities for stopping one form of cheating...launch:(1) start; set goingExamples: Truck drivers in France launched a strike for earlier retirement.The government launched an attack against corruption.(2) set a ship afloatExample: The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship.(3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in motionExamples: launch a satellite /rocket /missileIt is expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space.17. filed out of their exam: left the exam hall or room in a single file, i.e., one by one18. had a mug shot taken"Mug " is a slangy word for "face", for example:You have got an ugly mug."A mug shot" is a photograph of a person's face used on the driver's license,university ID card, etc. A mug shot may also be taken by police for purposes of identification.19. like police arresting speeders:A speeder is one who drives faster than the posted speed limit.20.arrest:(v.) seize (sb.) in the name of lawExamples: The police arrested the drunken driver three days after the accident.My neighbor was arrested on suspicion of having sent several mail bombs.20.... the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word: the intension is not to catch all of the cheats, but to catch a sufficient number of them for the purpose of giving a warning to other students: if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating.21. in the case of: so far as someone or something is concerned Examples: Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my father (or: in my father's case) it only urged him to work harder.We can't make an exception in the case of Mary.22. unlike: (prep.) & (a,) not like: different fromExamples: Unlike his brother, John is very interested in poetry.it is unlike her to cry.The two movies are quite unlike though they depict the same period in history.23. "fun" stories: humorous stories read for amusementThe intent of fun stories is usually to entertain rather than to educate.24. moral(a.) concerning principles of right and wrongExamples: Moral standards change with time.A Godparent is supposed to be responsible for the Godchild's moral welfare.25. come to a bad end: come to some misfortune, esp. to an unpleasant death.Examples: You will surely come to a bad end (or: come to no good end) if you keep driving so carelessly.If you don't give up crime, you'll come to a bad end.26. reinforce: strengthenExamples: More troops were sent to reinforce the fortress.Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete.The football team was reinforced by two foreign goalkeepers.27. clue: sth. that helps to find an answer to a questionExamples: Holmes has found some clue to the mystery.28. lie in: exist in; be found inExamples: The cure for ignorance lies in education.Do you believe that "Happiness lies in contentment“?29. overnight:(1) for or during the nightExamples: The bag contains things I will need when staying overnight at a hotel.This kind of bamboo can grow 20 centimeters taller overnight.30. ... people need to know one another to be at their honest best.: ... people need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible.Here the phrase "at their honest best" means "at their best as far as honesty is concerned".at one's best: in one's best condition or stateExamples: He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at his best incomedy.31vast:32(1) large in quantityExamples: He inherited a vast sum of money from his aunt.Look out! A vast swarm of bees are coming this way.numerous: manyExamples: Numerous village and township enterprises have sprung up since 1978.Numerous stars were horn after the Big Bang.33. ... could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?: ...is it because we are becoming more skillful in revealing such dishonestyFurther examples: I am happy that you have come after all.I am afraid I have to decline your invitation. Not that I am unwilling to come. but that I have been very busy these days.reveal:(1) expose; make knownExamples: His wife did not reveal to the patient his hopeless condition.34. evidence: sign or proofExamples: The case was dropped for lack of evidence.35. incident: event; happeningExamples: In her book she told some interesting incidents on her visit to Africa.Even such an ordinary incident reveals greatness in his character.36. tend to: be apt to: have a tendency toExamples: Farmers tend to use more machinery now.Children tend to tike action movies.37. But it doesn't seem linked to the economy.: There seems to be no connection between cheating and the economy.Examples: The two incidents were already linked together in the newspapers.38.tempt:persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolishExamples: The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.He was tempted into selling top military secrets to foreign intelligence agents.39.attractExamples: I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.The spring sun tempted us to go for a walk.40. "beat the system": defeat or get the upper hand of the system Phrases & Expressions:1.according to:based on 根据电话费根据一天中的不同时段而不同。