THE PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW
completed and revised version 1998
European Union Commission on Contract Law
欧洲合同法原则
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
第一章一般规定
Section 1 - Scope of the Principles
第一节本原则的适用范围
Article 1.101- Application of the Principles
第1:101条：本原则的适用
(1) These Principles are intended to be applied as general rules of contract law in the European Communities.
（一）本原则拟作为合同法的一般规则在欧洲共同体适用。
（一）本原则作为合同法在欧共体内的适用通则。
本原则作为合同法通则在欧共体内适用。
(2) These Principles will apply when the parties have agreed to incorporate them into their contract or that their contract is to be governed by them.
（二）如果当事人已约定将本原则订入其合同或者其合同受本原则的规制，本原则即予适用。
(3) These Principles may be applied when the parties: (a) have agreed that their contract is to be governed by ‘general principles of law’, the ‘lex mercatoria’ or the like; or (b) have not chosen any system or rules of law to govern their contract.
（三）当事人于符合下列条件时，可适用本原则：1.约定其合同受“法的一般原则”、“商人法”或类似者之规制时；或者2.没有选择任何法律制度或者法律规则规制其合同。
(4) These Principles may provide a solution to the issue raised where the system or rules of law applicable do not do so.
（四）当可得适用的法律制度或法律规则对所产生的问题未提供解决方案时，本原则得作为一种解决方案。
Article 1.102 - Freedom of contract
第1:102条：合同自由
(1) Parties are free to enter into a contract and to determine its contents, subject to the requirements of good faith and fair dealing, and the mandatory rules established by these Principles.
（一）当事人可以自由缔结合同并决定其内容，但要符合诚实信用和公平交易，以及由本原则确立的强制性规则。
(2) The parties may exclude the application of any of the Principles or derogate from or vary their effects, except as otherwise provided by these Principles.
（二）当事人可以排除本原则的适用或者背离或变更其效力，除非本原则另有规定。
Article 1.103 - Mandatory Law
第1:103条：强行法
(1) Where the otherwise applicable law so allows, the parties may choose to have their contract governed by the Principles, with the effect that national mandatory rules are not applicable.
（一）在其他可得适用的法律亦允许之场合，当事人可以选择使其合同受本原则的规制，以使国内的强制性规则不能适用。
(2) Effect should nevertheless be given to those mandatory rules of national, supranational and international law which, according to the relevant rules of private international law, are applicable irrespective of the law governing the contract.
（二）依据有关国际私法规则，如国内的、超国家的以及国际的强制性规则能够适用时，则应赋予这些强制性规则以效力，而不管规制该合同的法律。
Article 1.104 - Application to questions of consent
第1:104条：对同意之问题的适用
(1) The existence and validity of the agreement of the parties to adopt or incorporate these Principles shall be determined by these Principles.
（一）当事人对适用本原则的合意，其存在及生效应依本原则加以确定。
(2) Nevertheless, a party may rely upon the law of the country in which it has its habitual residence to establish that it did not consent if it appears from the circumstances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of its conduct in accordance with these Principles.
（二）然一方当事人可以依据它的惯常居所所在国的法律来证明它不同意，只要情况表明依据本原则确定它的行为的效力将是不合理的。
Article 1.105 - Usages and Practices
第1:105条：惯例与习惯做法
(1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any practice they have established between themselves.
（一）当事人受它们同意的惯例以及它们之间确立的习惯做法的拘束。
(2) The parties are bound by a usage which would be considered generally applicable by persons in the same situation as the parties, except where the application of such usage would be unreasonable.
（二）与当事人处于同样情形下的其他人通常会认为可得适用的惯例，当事人受其拘束，除非适用该惯例是不合理的。
Article 1.106 - Interpretation and Supplementation
第1:106条：解释与补充
(1) These Principles should be interpreted and developed in accordance with their purposes. In particular, regard should be had to the need to promote good faith and fair dealing, certainty in contractual relationships and