Unit 9 When was it invented?第一课时年级：九年级学案学科：英语课型：New主备人:蔡红梅班级 ________一．学习目标:1．知识目标：1 . Words and phrases 2. Talk about the history of inventions2．能力目标：能在具体语境中正确运用被动语态。
3．情感目标：了解中国古代四大发明，培养爱国主义精神。
二．学习重点：重点词汇用法及被动语态用法。
学习难点：被动语态各种时态的构成。
三．学习过程:（一）预习导学：Talk about the invention time of some things.（二）自主学习：SeactionA1a-1c（三）合作探究：Make a list of five helpful inventions and five annoying inventions.(四)梳理归纳：被动语态1.被动语态的时态: 被动语态的时态通过be的变化来体现，它必须与主语的人称、数一致。
以下是几种常用的被动语态:(1)一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 动词的过去分词。
Eg：This book in two languages.这本书是用两种语言写的. (2)现在进行时的被动语态: am / is /are + being + 动词的过去分词。
Eg: A school is by the workers now.工人们正在建一所学校.(3) 一般将来时的被动语态: will / be going to + be + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The project will next month.这项工程下个月就完工. (4) 现在完成时的被动语态: have / has + been + 动词的过去分词.Eg: My homework .我的作业以完成了.(5) 一般过去时的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The classroom three days ago. 教室是三天前被打扫的.(6) 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 +be +动词的过去分词.The classroom every day.教室应该每天都被打扫.2.被动语态的否定句和疑问句:（1）否定句的构成：必须在第一个助动词后加not。
Eg：His homework finished. 他的作业还没有完成。
（2）疑问句的构成：将第一个助动词置于主语之前。
Eg：When the bridge ？这座桥是何时建的？3、主动语态变被动语态的方法:（1）把主动语态变的宾语作为被动语态的主语（2）主动语态的谓语改成be + 过去分词的形式，作为被动语态的谓语，be随着主语以及时态的变化而变化。
（3）主动语态的主语变为by的宾语，有时可以省略。
Eg： He often plays computer gamesoften by him4、被动语态的注意方法:（1）在主动句中动词make，let，have，see，hear，feel，watch，find notice等后接不定式作宾补时，动词不定式都要去掉to,但变被动语态时,后面的不定式须加to.make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.eg: The man made the boy do his homework..The boy was made his homework.hear sb. do sth. sb. be heard to do sth.eg: I often hear him sing in the next room.He is often heard in the next room.(2) 主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变.一般情况下,往往把表示人的宾语变为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（物）留作被动句的宾语。
如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语常须有介词（一般是for或to）eg： My mother bought me a bike. 其被动句为:I was bought a bike by my mother. = A bike was bought for me by my mother.(3)有些词如系动词taste, feel, look, smell, sound 等,以及 sell 作“销量(好坏)”讲时常用主动语态表达被动的意思.Eg: This song sounds gentle. 这首歌听起来轻柔.Many kinds of books sell well. 许多种类的书销量不错.(4) happen=take place “发生,” belong to “属于,”没有变动语态.Eg: The necklace belongs to me. 这个项链属于我.英语年份的读法：一般先读前两位数,再读后两位数。
例如：1983→nineteen eighty-three1700→seventeen hundred1870→eighteen seventy1601→sixteen a one或sixteen hundred and one965→nine sixty-five 或nine six five像20XX这种就可以念two thousand and ...2008年two thousand and eight2012年two thousand and twelve知识连接：四大发明、什么人发明的、时间造纸术 Papermaking 蔡伦Cai Lun 东汉元兴元年（105） Xing Yuan Han Dynasty (105) 指南针 Compass 我国劳动人民Chinese people 战国时期 Warring States period火药 Gunpowder 我国劳动人民Chinese people 隋代 Sui Dynasty活字印刷术 Typography 毕升 Bi Sheng 北宋庆历间（1041-1048）Song Qingli period (1041-1048)◎discover 作动词，意为“发现”，即发现的对象是本来存在的，只是以前不知道而已，也可指发现新奇或意外之物或发现某种情况。
“发现者”为discoverer。
invent作动词，意为“发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西，如工具、手段或方法。
“发明”作名词用invention，“发明者”为inventor。
【即学即用】用discover和invent填空⑴Paper was in China.⑵Columbus America in 1492.⑶I that she was a good cook.课堂反思第二课时年级：九年级学案学科：英语课型：New主备人: 蔡红梅班级 ________一．学习目标:1．知识目标：1 . Words and phrases 2. Talk about the history of inventions2．能力目标：能在具体语境中正确运用被动语态。
3．情感目标：了解中国古代四大发明，培养爱国主义精神。
二．学习重点：重点词汇用法及被动语态用法。
学习难点：被动语态各种时态的构成。
三．学习过程:（一）预习导学：Talk about the invention time of some things.（二）自主学习：2a --4（三）合作探究：Make a list of five helpful inventions and five annoying inventions.重点词和短语1. ＝ . 用来做某事2. hand-held calculators 。
3. battery-operated slippers 。
4. 在黑暗中5. shoes with adjustable heels 。
shoes with high heels 高跟鞋6. 改变鞋子的式样【即学即用】the following pictures, please write a composition.A. Thanks toB. Because ofC. According toD. Instead of1. They’re used for seeing in the dark. 它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
（Section A, 2b）be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing 形式。
相当于be used to do sth.。
如：Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展含有be used的常用短语：◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
This piece of wood is used as a bench.把这块木头用作凳子。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。
This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
【即学即用】⑴The stones they carried were used houses and bridges.A. to buildB. for buildingC. to be builtD. A and B⑵The room as a meeting room.A. used to being usedB. was used to be usedC. was used to being usedD. used to be used2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. 我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。
（Section A, 3b）helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：thank—thankful（感谢的，感激的） grate—grateful（感谢的，感激的）use—useful（有用的） wonder—wonderful（令人惊奇的）forget—forgetful（健忘的） success—successful（成功的）beauty—beautiful（美丽的） pain—painful（疼痛的）3. Potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯条的发明纯属歪打正着。