必修四模块4语法学案课题Great Scientists 课时 1 课时教学目标1.Revise some language points.2. Learn more about Grammar of the module .3.Learn to use this Grammar.教学重点Revision of passive voice教学难点Deal with some important exercises about it.课堂导学被动语态复习Revision of passive voice(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样,列表如下：一般现在时am/is/are + done一般过去时was/were + done一般将来时Shal l＋will +be+ done现在进行时am/is/are+ being+done过去进行时was/were+being +done过去将来时Should/would+b e+done现在完成时Has/have+been+done过去完成时Had +been + done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时People grow rice in the south of the states._______________________________________________________(改为被动)T he school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We __________________enter the chemistry lab wi thout a teacher. (被动)2. 一般过去时He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.And the students didn't forget his lessons easily.He had a strange way of making his classes lively and his lessons______________________.3. 一般将来时They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars ___________abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs _________________school-leavers.4. 过去将来时The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project ______________________________________________5. 现在进行时The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons ________________________________________________________6. 过去进行时This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees ____________________________________________________7. 现在完成时Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.I __________________ the sports meet might be put off.8. 过去完成时People had considered him to be a great leader.He _______________________________________________9. 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g. The teacher said, “You must hand in your compositions after class. ”The teacher said, “Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters ___________________________________________(四)被动语态的使用1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+ 名词作状语，而代替by短语。
These cars were made in China.15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.英译汉：______________________________________________________________(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。
如：My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语I was invited (by my aunt )to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.(六)语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正确)A new computer have been bought. (错误)2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present _______________________________________注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。
The magazine was passed on to me. _____________________________________The cup with mixture ________________(show)the class. _____________________________一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。
Mother mad e me a new skirt. __________________________________有些既不用to也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。
People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on. _______________________________________The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. ____________________________________及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。