阅读理解“主旨大意题”解题技巧高境一中王小红2005.32005高考英语上海卷“阅读部分”考核目标：1．能理解文章的基本内容；2．能归纳文章的主旨大意；3．能推测文章中的隐含意思；4．能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子；5．能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。
分析阅读理解命题趋势1．生疏短语增多，句子结构复杂。
2．组篇方式新颖，深层理解要求较高。
3．命题方式灵活多样，整体理解和推断题增加。
4．2005年高考英语上海卷新增新题型“标题配对”。
分析趋势，掌握技巧，赢取高分从以上两点可以看出，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。
为了增加阅读理解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，近年高考阅读题中概括主旨题和推断题明显增加。
若要获得高分，关键在于能否正确回答此类能力题（在此，我们统称为主旨大意题。
）＃本讲座分两部分：（一）：选择题（二）：标题配对题（新题型）（一）: 选择题Ⅰ.问题类型Ⅱ.常见提问方式Ⅲ.主要答题步骤Ⅳ.分析典型例文,掌握答题技巧主题句在开头或结尾主题句在中间中心贯穿于全文Ⅴ.总结主旨大意题选择题答题技巧Ⅰ.主旨大意题题目类型：1．概括文章大意2．选出最佳题目（标题）3．概括人物特点4．识辨作者语气、态度等5．推断文章出处6．推断文章或作者意图7．推断文章的结局或结论、下文内容等等Ⅱ.常见提问方式：1. Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very ________. （2000秋季上海卷64题）2. What would most probably happen next? (2001秋季上海卷74题)3.What might be the best title for this passage? (2001秋季上海卷81题)4.In writing the passage, the author intends to ________. (2002秋季上海卷77题)5.It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a (an) __________.（2002秋季上海卷78题）6.The purpose of this article is to _________. （2003秋季上海卷85题）7.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（2003秋季上海卷89题）8.In advertisement 2, the Traveller enables us to learn _________. (2004秋季上海卷79题)9.The passage mainly focuses on ______. （2004秋季上海卷85题）10.What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph? (2004秋季上海卷89题) Ⅲ.主要答题步骤：1. 先看问题, 是否有和主旨大意题有关的题目,了解题目类别和提问方式。
2. 再看文章首尾，或各段的开头，找出主题句，或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握文章主旨。
3. 以掌握文章主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其它深层理解的问题。
Ⅳ.分析典型例文，掌握答题技巧：（1）主题句在开头或结尾：(A)①It was assumed generally that behavior was “caused” and that the causes of and the cures for crime would be discovered. Sick societies and sick individuals were the causes of crime. The traditional criminal justice system could be described as a band-aid and an ineffective “home remedy) “. The new, scientific approach, however, would cure the underlying causes of crime rather than concentrate on the symptom: criminal behavior.②But does poverty cause crime?(Q1) It is certainly true that there is a very close link between low socioeconomic status and the sort of violent street crime that worries urban America so much. Furthermore, we must agree with Judge Bazelon that persons of low socioeconomic status probablyfind it easier than others to true to violent street crime for money, excitement, or release.also true that the majority of poor people are not violent criminals. Judge Bazelon is simply wrongin his belief that poverty “causes” crime.(Q2)③People sometimes think of crime as a combination of poverty and bad characteristics of acriminal.Q1but they may still have the desire for more wealth. In this aspect, crime seems no more related with poverty than with the behavioral features of the person involved in a case. Cyber-crimes and white-collar crimes can serve as good examples, the criminals are not short of money, they simply need more than they can gather and they will be happy to get more without having to work.④Poverty is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of crime. 主题句(Q1)(Q2)Povertymay make the choice to obey the law more difficult,the poor have choice whether to engage in crime, and the majority choose to obey the law. Is it true that no poverty, no crime? Improvement in the economic conditions of poor persons does not reduce the level of violent panics in periods of rising wealth. The “poverty cure” does not work . Attempting to get rid of poverty isa worthy social goal,珍爱) for its own sake and not in the belief that it will cure crime.( D ) 1. The most appropriate title for the essay would be ____ .（概括主旨、选定篇名题）易误选CA. Economics and CrimeB. Wealth and ViolenceC. Causes and Cures for CrimeD. Poverty and Crime( C )2. Which of the following statements is a summary of the author’s ideas? ___ .（概括观点题）易误选AA.Crime is a consequence of a low economic status.B.Poverty should be cured before law and order can be kept.C.Poverty does not necessarily cause crime.D.Poor people are more likely to turn to violence.分析：Q1: 本文为议论文.选定篇名考查的是对文章主旨的把握.我们先看文章首尾或各段开头找主题句。
第一段（起始段）：落后的社会和个人会导致犯罪。
消除犯罪的科学方法在于彻底消除引起犯罪的根源。
第二段：开头提出问题“Does Poverty cause c rime?”并指出：落后的经济状况与犯罪之间有密切联系。
第三段：人们认为犯罪是贫困和个人不良品行的结合。
第四段（结尾段）：贫困并非犯罪的充分或必要条件。
穷人中大多数人还是守法的。
消灭贫穷并不意味着消除犯罪。
从分析的第一段和结尾段以及各段开头可判断，文章论述的是贫穷和犯罪的关系。
主题句为Poverty is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of crime.（注：第一段中提到the causes of and the cures for crime would be discovered.学生很容易误以为这就是文章的主题,选择(C).然而只要浏览全文便可知每一段都谈到poverty与crime 的关系,故答案选(D).）Q2: 该题是一道概述作者观点的问题。