中考语法专项一名词1.名词的数可数名词——一般是个体名词，如a boy(一个男孩)，集体名词a family(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。
特殊的复数形式:1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two 等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。
the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)the French法国人(指全体法国人)2）复合名词a woman teacher—women teachers女教师an Englishman—Englishmen英国男子a grown-up—grown-ups成人a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯2.不可数名词专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊the West Lake西湖物质名词：液体：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉类：beef chicken mutton pork天气：weather rain snow wind light 光其他：news(新闻，消息) bread(面包)抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。
tea—different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品—all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品fruit 水果—all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯—glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯不可数名词量的表示法a cup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.....a pair of3.【名词的格】1)．表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。
①一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。
如：Tom's chair；the children's bedroom②以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。
如：the students' reading room③并列名词表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；表示共同所属时。
在最后一个名词后加's。
如：Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）④表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。
如：at Tom’s 在汤姆家里at the tailor's在裁缝店at a chemist's在药店2)．表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福注意：①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dunthe founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。
如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。
如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。
如：teachers' office 教师办公室children's book 儿童读物中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1. 可数名词与不可数名词；2. 可数名词的复数变化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4. 名词所有格；5. 名词作定语；6. 在特定的语境中考查名词词义。
4、名词作定语[中考引路]—How many ____ teachers are there in your school?—____ them______ over two hundred.A. woman; The number of; isB. women; The number of; isC. woman; A number of; isD. women; A number of; are[用法详解]名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。
例如：a football player 一名足球运动员；many banana trees许多香蕉树但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。
例如：a sports meet一场运动会；a glasses store 一家眼镜店man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。
例如：a man doctor 一名男医生；two women teachers 两名女教师5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义[中考引路]1. — Would you please pass me something to drink?— What about some ______?A. beefB. fishC. juiceD. bread2. —Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.—She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiencesD. emotions练习一．名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格）典型题练习：l. -What a good ___________you've given me! Thanks a lot.-My pleasure.A. informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice2. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there ______a lot of useful____on the websites.A. are; informationsB.are; informationC.is; informationD.is;informations3. -Can you imagine____great progress in your study with no plan?-lf you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Success doesn't happen like magic.A. to makeB.making aC.makingD.to make a4. The theme park is about ______ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.A. two hourB. two hour'sC. two hours'D. two hours5. He thought the painting was of little , so he let me have it for only ten pounds. .A. costB. priceC. valueD. money6. -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?-_________ .A. In three days'B. After three daysC. In three days' timeD. After three day's time7. British people eat ______ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.A. chickenB. beefC. fishD. potatoes8. The music made me think of the____ of a running stream.A. shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound9. -Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-I'm afraid we have no ___ but to take a taxi.A. choiceB. decisionC. reasonD. information10. -Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes?-Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.A. timeB. methodC. costD. menu11. Could you take ____ for these ______? They are very beautiful.A. any photos; tomatoesB. some photos; tomatoesC. some photos; tomatosD. any photos; tomatos12. The two cities have reached an ____ to develop science and technology.A. educationB. excitementC. agreementD. invention13. It's your _____ as a teacher to protect your students.A. dutyB. hobbyC. habitD. manner14. -Oh, dear! There isn't enough ___ for us in the lift.-No hurry. Let's wait for the next.A. floorB. seatC. roomD. ground15. -Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?-Oh, it's a ________.A. suggestionB. secretC. reasonD. problem16. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of____.A. knowledgeB. energyC. changeD. courage17. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many ______ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit18. I'm going to the supermarket to buy some ____ this afternoon.A. paper and pencilB. apples and bananaC. milk and eggsD. bowl and spoons19. -Why are you late, Jim?-Because there _____ a lot of traffic when I came here.A. isB. areC. wasD. were20. None of them talked. They finished their meal in _______.A. silenceB. orderC. placeD. public21. -Finding information is not a big deal today.-Well, the ______ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.A. courageB. messageC. challengeD. knowledge以下为:根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空22. The boy wanted to divide the apple into _______ (half).23. The tall player doubts whether his weight affects his _______ (foot)?24. Does the little boy look forward to acting as one of the _______ (hero) in the game?25. Someone is burning the _______ (leaf). We must stop him from doing so, for it willpollute the environment.26. The tourists are told that all Tibetans, male and female, carry________ (knife).27. How many ________ (scarf) did you buy for your sisters?28. Take a look! A cat is chasing three___________ (mouse) in the kitchen.29. Female (sheep) produce one or two lambs at a time.30. He is removing bits of food stuck between the (tooth) with a toothpick.31. Three fourths of the teachers in this school are _________ (woman) teachers.32. Don't look at me like that! I'm telling you the (true).33. To get good grades in the exam, we should avoid (care).34. They have just had a about where to spend their holidays. (discuss)The athlete Su Bingtian came third with a run of 9.99 seconds in the men's 100-metre race. He has become the (proud) of us Chinese.。