第三部分模拟试题及详解基础英语考研模拟试题及详解（一）Part One Reading Comprehension(40points)I.Cloze Test(10points)Choose one of the four answers marked A,B,C,D to complete the article.Write your answer on the answer sheet.Be sure that the number of the answers is in agreement with the number of the blanks.It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better1math than girls,that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts2 advanced math courses like calculus,that virtually all the great mathematicians3 men.Are women born with4mathematical ability?Or does society’s sexism slow their progress?In1980two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried5 the eternal nature/nurture debate.Julian Stanley and Camilla Benhow6 10,000talented seventh-and eighth-graders ing the Scholastic Aptitude Test,in which math questions7to measure ability rather than knowledge,they discovered8sex differences.9the verbal abilities of the males and females10differed,11girls scored over500(on a scale of200to800)12mathematical ability;at the700level,the ratio was14to l. The conclusion:males have13superior mathematical reasoning ability.Benhow and Stanley’s findings,14were published in“Science”,disturbed some men and15women.Now there is16for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math17not,after all, a natural male domain.Prof.Zalman Usiskin studied1,366tenth-graders.They were selected from18classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs,a subject requiring19abstract reasoning and spatial ability.The conclusion 20by Usiskin:there are no sex differences in math ability.1.A.at B.to C.of D. about2.A.in tackling B.tackling C.to tackle D. about tackling3.A.might be B.have been C.must be D.had been4.A.smaller B.less C.fewer D.not more5.A.to settle B.to set C.settling D. setting6.A.were tested B.have tested C.were testing D.had tested7.A.are meant B.designed C.meant D. designing8.A.distinct B.instinct C.remote D. vague9.A.Since B.However C.As D. While10.A.scarcely not B.virtually rgely D. hardly11.A.many boys twice as B.twice many boys asC.twice as many boys as D. boys twice as many12.A.on B.of C.about D. with13.A.superficially B.universally C.inherently D. initially14.A.as B.that C.which D.all15.A.few B.not a few C.not few D. quite few16.A.belief B.dismay fort D. courage17.A.be B.were C.was D.is18.A.geometric B.arithmetic C.geometry D. symmetry19.A.none of B.neither of C.either D. both20.A.got B.gained C.reached D. accomplished【答案与解析】1.A at表“在…方面”。
2.C be likely to do sth.有可能做某事，因此选C。
3.B根据时态一致原则，应选用现在时，因此排除选项D。
选项C过于绝对。
选项A只表明可能性，与客观事实不符。
4.B ability为不可数名词，排除CD，A中的smaller一般用来表示体积、数量少，而不表能力大小，因此选B。
5.A settle a debate表示调解争辩，try to do sth表示努力、设法做某事，而try doingsth.表示试着做某事，在此处大学研究员不应只抱有尝试的态度而是努力设法去解决这样的争辩，所以选A。
6.D此处主语为两个研究员，因此应使用主动态，排除A；事件发生在过去因此排除B；1972和1979年之间，因此不会使用进行时；所以选用过去完成时。
7.A短语“be meant to”表示“有意要,打算”math questions are meant to measureability（研究员）设计一些数学题来估量能力。
因此选A。
8.A下文讲到：“男生得分超过500的人数是女生的两倍，得分超过700分的男女人数比例更达到14:1”,因此很容易看出这种男女差别是很明显的。
“distinct”意为“清楚的，明显的”；“instinct”意为“本能”；“.remote”意为“细微的”；“vague”意为“含糊的、不清楚的”。
因此，答案选A。
9.D此处是用男女的verbal ability差别不大和后面的男女在数学能力的明显差别做对比。
While表示转折，Since，As都表示原因，However虽也表示转折但它一般用于两个有转折关系的句子之间。
因此选D。
10.D（参考第9题解析），scarcely not双重否定表肯定，virtually事实上。
largely很大程度上。
hardly几乎不。
因此，选D。
11.C倍数表达法：倍数+as+形容词+as+名词，因此选C。
12.A score…on mathematical ability表示在数学能力上得分……，因此选A。
13.C superficially肤浅地，浅薄地。
universally普遍地。
inherently天性地，固有地。
initially最初，开头。
根据句意应是“男性天生数学推理能力就比女性强。
”因此选择C。
14.C此处为which引导的非限定性定语从句（有逗号隔开的），that只能引导限定性定语从句。
因此选C。
15.B根据上下文，这项研究结果显示的是男性数学推理能力生来就比女性强，因此应该是给相当多的女性带来困扰。
选项A、C、D都表示“很少，几乎没有”，B中短语nota few表示“相当多的”，因此选B。
16.C belief信念，信仰。
dismay沮丧。
comfort安慰。
courage勇气。
根据下文，一项新的研究表明，在数学能力上不存在性别差异，因此与前面研究结果带给部分男女困扰的事实相反，新的研究结果应该对这部分人来说是一种安慰。
因此，选择C。
17.D suggest后接that引导的从句有两种形式，一种为suggest+从句主语+(should)+动词原形，另一种为suggest+从句主语+动词（动词时态与主句时态一致）。
但在这两种形式中suggest的意义不同，前者意为“建议”，后者意为“暗示，间接地表明”。
因此根据句意，应取后一种，选D。
18.C下文明确指出是geometry，课程名一般使用名词形式而不用形容词形式，例如history class，所以选C。
19.D both…and…固定搭配，从句意上也可以选出两种能力都需要，答案为D。
20.C reach a conclusion固定短语搭配，意为“得出结论”，转换为被动态，即选C。
II.Reading comprehension(30points)In this section there are three passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and write your answer on the answer sheet.Passage1In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves,there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to,the pressure to back their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions.Thus our urge to conform receives continuing,even daily reinforcement.To be sure,the intensity of the reinforcement,like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it,differs widely among individuals.Yet some pressure is present for everyone.And in one way or another,to some extent,everyone yields to it.It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group’s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out,reminding them that occasional,moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it.But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence.Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable.In time,if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view.He may even keep himself from thinking.。