初中中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述：名词篇：名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Jilin, Tom, China,(1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。
(2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。
(3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
普通名词又可进一步分为四类1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。
house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 规则名词的复数形式：2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：5、名词所有格：名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
三是双重所有格。
1. ’s所有格的构成：复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, Childern’s Day,不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, the Smiths’ house, the students' books,Teachers' Day, a girls' dormitory（宿舍）表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and Ameri ca’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father, Lucy and Lily’s bedroom名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。
Whose pen is this It's Tom's. 这是谁的钢笔是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine, but Tom’s. 这辆自行车不是我的，是Tom的。
2. of所有格的用法：a. 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world ,the windows of the room , the title of the filmb. 用于有生命的东西，尤其是名词较长时：the classrooms of the first-year students， the story of a hero某些of所有格和’s所有格可以互换：son of a poor peasant＝a poor peasant’s son一个贫农的儿子3. 双重所有格在意义上与"one of..."相似：1of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友) =one of my father’s friends,a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)=one of my friendsof前面的名词被a/an, some, several, no, few, another, all, many等表数量的词修饰时，表示“某整体中的一部分”，强调部分与整体的关系名词专项练习( ) 1. She was very happy. She ____ in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakesD. makes few mistake( ) 2. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please？A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD. potatoe( ) 3. _____are used for cutting things.A. KnifeB. KnivesC. KnifeD. Knives( ) 4. What big____ the tiger has!A. toothB. teethC. tooths . toothes( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD. leave( ) 6 .-Can we have some ___？-Yes, please.A. bananaB. oranges D. pear( ) 7. On the table there are five____.A. tomatosB. piece of tomatoesC. tomatoesD. tomato( ) 1. They got much ___ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. informationD. stories( ) 2. He gave us____ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice( ) 3. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.A. some newsB. a newsC. the news P. news( ) 4 .What___ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a3.( ) 1. -Would you like___tea？-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 .He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads( ) 3 .I would like to have___.A. two glasses of milkB. two glass of milk IC. two glasses of milksD. two glass of milks( ) 4 .Can you give me ____？A. a teaB. some cup of teaC. a cup teaD. a cup of tea( ) 5. Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 6 .John bought___for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 .-How many ____ have you got on your farm？-I've got five.A. sheepsB. sheepC. pigD. chicken( ) 2 .Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.A. GermansB. GermenC. GermanyD. Germanies( ) 3. In the picture there are many____ and two______.A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs ( ) 4. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. HungarianB. AustralianC. JapaneseD. American5( ) 1. This table is made of___.A. many glassB. glassesC. some glassesD. glass( ) 2. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir？-I'd like____. !A. chickenB. a chickenC. chickensD. the chicken ( ) 3. Children should make____ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. roomsD. the room填空foot—— mouse—— German ——Frenchman—— Canadian—— knife——roof—— Russian—— bus——watch—— blouse—— baby——holiday—— tomato—— photo——radio—— life—— sheep——man doctor——。