单词1 campaign n. 战役；运动；政治竞选活动vi. 参加运动；从事活动【词语辨析】campaign，war，battle和action(1)campaign 指在某一地区所做的一连串有固定目的的军事行动或为达到某一特殊目的所做的一连串有计划的活动。

(2)war 指的是战争的全过程，具体包括campaign和battle。

(3)battle 指战斗或会战。

(4)action指军事行动(战争中的小事件)。

2 strength n. [U]力量；力气；体力；意志力；坚强；[C，U]优点；长处strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的；坚强的；强烈的，浓的 strengthen vt. 加强，巩固with all one's strength 用上全身的力气2 strength n. [U]力量；力气；体力；意志力；坚强；[C，U]优点；长处strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的；坚强的；强烈的，浓的 strengthen vt. 加强，巩固with all one's strength 用上全身的力气3 concerned adj. 关心的；担心的；与……有关的concern n. 关心；忧虑v. 与……有关，涉及；使忧虑，使担心be concerned about/for…担心……all people concerned 所有有关人员be concerned in…与……有牵连as far as…is concerned 就……而言；依……看来【经典句式】It concerns me that………让我担心。

What concerns me is…让我担心的是……【活学活用】(1)_________________is our lack of preparationfor the change.让我担心的是，我们对事态的发展缺乏准备。

(2)There is growing ______________violence ontelevision.人们对电视上的暴力内容日渐忧虑。

4 complain vt. &vi. 抱怨；发牢骚complaint n. 抱怨；诉苦；投诉；控告complain that…抱怨……complain (to sb)about/of 抱怨……；诉说……make a complaint 抱怨；投诉1 cut down 削减(cut sth down/cut down on sth);砍倒；缩短cut in 插嘴；插入；把……插进cut off 切掉；中断；切断……的供应；隔绝11cut up 切碎2 give out 分发；发布，公布(消息等)；发出(光、声音等)；用完，耗尽give away 泄露；赠送；颁发give back 归还；送回；反射give in (to) 认输；投降；屈服；交上；呈上 give off 发出(光、声音等)；散发出(气味) give up 放弃；停止；抛弃【活学活用】(1)He has __________to my views.他已让步，接受了我的看法。

3 think about 考虑到；关心；替……着想think of 想到；记得think of…as 把……看作/视作think over 仔细考虑；慎重思考think up 想出；发明think back 回想；追忆【活学活用】(1)All he ever ____________is money.他想的只是钱。

4take相关短语take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；改小（衣服等）take on 呈现；露出take up 占据；拿起；开始从事take down写下；记下【活学活用】Li, our English teacher, always makeshis lessons simple enough for the studen ts to _______.A. take offB. take upC. take inD. take down2. He had nowhere to live, so we ______ him ______.A. took; upB. took; in . took; over D. took; away3. Don't be ______ by products promisingto make you lose weight quickly.A. taken offB. taken outC.taken away D. taken in5 get的常用结构：get doing 开始做---get+宾语+adj 使---处于（某种状态）get+宾语+done使---（完成）get+宾语+to do 使/让---做---get+宾语+doing使---开始做--- eg. They soon got _____ together.(ta lk)You must get the work ______ ahead oftime.(finish)Alexander tried to get his work _____ i n the medicalcircles.(recognize)句型Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.22因“荒漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。

【要点解读】不定式的三种时态形式：to do没有明显的时间意义或在谓语动作之后表将来的动作。

to be doing表示正在发生的动作或与谓语动词同时发生。

to have done表示动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

语法动词不定式动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。

动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。

完成式：to+ have done；进行式：to+ be doing。

具体用法：1、作主语To see is to believe. 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面如：It's wrong to play tricks on o ther people.2、作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是―及物动词+疑问句+带to 的不定式‖。

1）及物动词+带to的不定式结构：只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：want, wish afford, agree, aim, appear, a sk, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, , happen, hope, intend, manage, of fer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, s eek, t, undertake等。

He managed to solve the complicat ed problem The stranger offered t o show me the way.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new pl ant in South Africa.2）动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式：常见的动词有：advise, decide, discuss, find out,, know,learn, regard, remember, see, teach, tell , understand,等。

常用的疑问代（副）词有what, when, where, which,how, whether等，但不包括why。

He does not know when to start .I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。

这可以用这一结构表达：动词（find, think, consider, feel等）+it+形容词+不定式，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。

She considers it necessary to make friends with them. We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 933o'clock.3）love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式，上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。

I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。

4）stop，forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。

3、作表语一般情况为主语是不定式（表示条件），表词也是不定式（表示结果）：To work means to earn a living. 另一种情况为主语aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, proble m,purpose, thing, His aim is to study a broad in the near future. 4、作宾语补足语1）tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。

如：I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to r ead and write.2）let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。

如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.She was heard to sing in the next roo m.( 若变成被动语态，要加上to)3）不定式作定语He gave me an interesting b ook to read.如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词.Have you got some pens to write with5、不定式作状语作原因状语：They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the a rea. 作目的状语：She raised her voice to be heard better. 作结果状语：He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.44二、不定式的时态与语态decided ___________________________ this plant.我们决定试着去找这种植物。