阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图二、方法点拨1. 设问方式•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the pa ssage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?2. 七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
【真题小练】(浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at UnionStation in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it withpins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."( )What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A.Money spent without hesitation.B.Money not legally made.C.Money offered without conditions.D.Money not tied together.阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
例如：例子2I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in P aragraph 1?A．provider B．delivery manC．collector D．medical doctor[分析]“a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。
故选择B项。
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。
乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。
例如：①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.[分析]根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。
因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
(全国II 2014 阅读理解A）My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers anddocuments. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile ofunfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which myhusband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not onlyreturned the important documents to us that day, but also restored our faith and trust inpeople. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. ( )What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A.showed.B. sent out.C. delivered.D. gave back在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
例如：例子4If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A．A dessert. B．A drink.C．A container. D．A machine.[分析]该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。