Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Gold Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iron Lead
Cr Co Cu F Au H In I Fe Pb
24 27 29 9 79 1 49 53 26 82
铬 钴 铜 氟 金 氢 铟 碘 铁 铅
Magnesium Manganese Mercury Nickel Nitrogen Osmium Oxygen Phosphorus Platinum Potassium
Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid
Perchloric acid Chloric acid Chlorous acid Hypochlorous acid Silicic acid
HNO2
Nitrous acid
HMnO4
Permanganic acid
1.4 Coordination Compounds
Gold copper mercury antimony
aurum Cuprum Hydrargyrum stibium
1.2 Ionic Compounds
The names of ionic compounds are derived from those of the ions of which they are composed.
Attention:
Cr2O72dichromate
P2O74PO3SiO32-
pyrophosphate metaphosphate metasilicate
Oxyanions that contain hydrogen are properly named as illustrated in the following examples:
Iron (III)
Cu+
Cu2+
Copper (I)
Copper (II)
Sn2+
SБайду номын сангаас4+
Tin (II)
Tin (IV)
Some trivial names are still widely used
Fe2+ Fe3+ ferrous ferric Cu+ Cu2+ cuprous cupric Sn2+ Sn4+ stannous stannic
Mercury (II) sulfate Mercuric sulfate Sodium hypochlorite Copper (II) oxide Cupric oxide Ammonium sulfate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Aluminum chloride Tin (IV) chloride Stannic chloride
HCl HF
HBr HI HCN H2CO3 HNO3
Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrobromic acid Hydroiodic acid Hydrocyanic acid Carbonic acid Nitric acid
H2SO4 H2SO3
HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO H4SiO4
1.3 Binary compounds of the Nonmetals
When a pair of nonmetals form only one compound: the name of the element whose symbol appears first in the formula is written first; the second portion of the name is formed by adding the suffix –ide to the stem of the name of the second nonmetal:
HCl H2S NF3 hydrogen chloride hydrogen sulfide Nitrogen fluoride
If more than one binary compound can be formed by a pair of nonmetals, the Greek prefixes: di=two, tri=three, tetra=four etc. are used to designate the number of atoms of each elements. On the other hand the nomenclature for metal compounds can also be used in these nonmetal coumpounds.
phosphine arsine Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide
1.4 Oxy and non-oxyacids
In non-oxyacids, the hydrogen cation is expressed as hydro-, the suffix –ide in the negative ions in binary compounds is replaced by –ic; In oxyacids, their names are corresponding to the oxyanions. If the oxyanions names end in –ate, the corresponding acid will end in –ic; While, if the the oxyanions names end in –ite, the acid name will end in –ous accordingly.
Pay attention to the polyatomic cations:
NH4+ ammonium Hg22+ mercury (I) or mercurous
1.2.2 Negative Ions
Monoatomic negative ions named by adding the suffix –ide to the stem of the name of the nonmetal which they are derived
HCO3HPO42H2PO4HSO4-
hydrogen carbonate hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen sulfate
1.2.3 Base, Salts and Metal compounds
The name of the positive ion is given first, followed by the name of the negative ion:
Some compounds have their trivial names which are widely or even exclusively used
H2O H2O2 NH3 N2H4
Water Hydrogen peroxide ammonia hydrazine
PH3 AsH3 NO N2O
Part I
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
1.1 Elements
Aluminum Antimony Argon Arsenic Barium Boron Bromine Calcium Carbon Chlorine Al Sb Ar As Ba B Br Ca C Cl 13 51 18 33 56 5 35 20 6 17 铝 锑 氩 砷 钡 硼 溴 钙 碳 氯
Mg Mn Hg Ni N Os O P Pt K
12 25 80 28 7 75 8 15 78 19
镁 锰 汞 镍 氮 锇 氧 磷 铂 钾
Ruthenium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Sulfur Tin Titanium Zinc
Ru Se Si Ag Na S Sn Ti Zn
1.2.1 Positive Ions
Monoatomic positive ions takes the name of the metal from which they are derived.
Na+ sodium Ca+ calcium Al3+ aluminum
Fe2+
Fe3+
Iron (II)
OH-
hydroxide
SO42-
sulfate
BrO2-
bromite
O22CO32PO43PO33PO23-
peroxide
carbonate phosphate phosphite
hypophosphite
SO32ClO4ClO3ClO2ClO-
sulfite
perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite
44 34 14 47 11 16 50 22 30
钌 硒 硅 银 钠 硫 锡 钛 锌
Na
sodium
natrium
Ag
silver
argentums
K Fe Sn Pb
potassium kalium iron ferrum tin stannum lead plumbum
Au Cu Hg Sb
FeO FeCl3 Sn(OH)2 HgSO4 NaClO CuO (NH4)2SO4 NaHCO3 AlCl3 SnCl4 Iron (II) oxide Iron (III) chloride Tin (II) hydroxide Ferrous oxide Ferric chloride Stannous hydroxide