8.（c）the argument against the proposals
PP
NP P NP
Det N Det N
against the
(d)already above the windows
PP
AdvP P NP
Adv Det N
already above the window
NP Infl VP
Det AP N pst V PP
A P NP
Det AP N
A huge moon hung in the black sky (C) The man examined his car carefully yeseterday
S
NP Infl VP
Det N pst V NP AdvP
Det N AdvP Adv
Adv
A man examined his car carefully yesterday
10．（b）Helen put on her clothes and went out
S
N pst V PP Con V PP
P NP P
Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out
c)Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.
S
NP Infl VP
N Pre V AP Con AP
A PP A PP
P NP P NP
N
Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics
11.(b) Gerry belives the fact that Anna fluncked the English exam.
S
NP Infl VP
Det N CP
C S
NP Infl VP
NP N Pst V NP
A Gerry believes the fact that Anna fluncked the English exam
(c) Chiris was happy that his father bought him a Roll-Royce.
S
NP Infl VP
N Pst V AP
A CP
NP NP Infl VP
Det N Pst V NP
N Det N Chris was happy
(d) The children argued over whether bats had wings.
S
Det N Pst V PP
P CP
C S
NP Infl VP
N V NP
N
12.(a) Herbert bought a house that she loved .
S
NP Infl VP
NP
Det N CP
C S
NP Infl VP
N Pst V NP
Herbert bought a house that she loved e
(c) The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics.
S
NP Infl VP
Det N CP V PP
C S P NP
NP Infl VP N
N Pre V NP
The girl adores e majors in linguistics
13.(a) Would you come tomorrow?
Aux NP Infl VP
N Aux V Advp
Adv
you come tomorrow
(b)What did Helen bring to the party?
CP
Spec C S
N Infl NP Infl VP
Pst N Pst V NP
N PP
P Det NP
N
to the party。