关于杭州中心地区服务业竞争力及其发展战略的评价（节选）郑建壮，中国浙江省浙江大学城市学院江海霞，中国浙江省浙江工业大学摘要：服务行业的竞争力是直接反映在区服务业的发展水平和潜在能力之中的。
本文研究了杭州服务行业的发展现状，从中心区的角度构建了一个服务行业的评价指标体系，并分析了杭州每个中心城区服务业的可持续发展的优势和劣势。
最后，文章给杭州的服务行业竞争力的提高提出了战略建议。
关键词：中心地区，服务业，竞争力1. 引言20世纪80年代以来，全球经济已呈现从“工业经济”转向于“服务经济”的变化趋势。
服务业已成为全球经济好转的一个关键的引擎（2005年李和王），它在改善国家经济、增加就业率、调整产业结构和提高生活水平等方面的重要作用是显而易见的。
一般来说一个地区的服务行业发展主要集中于中部地区，而不是郊区，因为中心区一般被视为一个城市经济发展的“心脏”，它在地理位置、交通和文化等方面都占有有利因素，不仅可增强生产要素、人口和产业聚集的力量，也有利于市场的发展。
因此，中部地区正在成为服务行业的主要区域（李2007）。
本文在分析杭州中心城区的服务业竞争力的基础上，进行了相关的评价，旨在寻找到一种有效的策略以提高城市的服务行业发展。
2. 服务产业竞争力的文献研究大部分关于服务行业的竞争力的学术研究都是基于它们的地区竞争能力之上的。
因此，服务业的竞争力可以简单地定义为“服务行业在竞争中获取和利用资源的能力”。
国外的研究学者更倾向于特定的服务行业的竞争力分析与研究，如商业服务行业（2001年Rubalcaba和加戈）、保险业（哈德威克和窦1998）、知识密集服务（1999年Windrum和汤姆林森）。
然而，在中国，学者们的研究重点则集中于一个特定的区域，而不是一个特定的行业，如中国的31个主要省份（吴2003），中国六大发展先进的省份（2004年刁、庄），中国16个主要省份（2005年苏、张）。
由于很多的因素都可以影响服务业的竞争力和复杂性，大多数中国学者认为，我们应该建立一个多层次的综合评价指标体系，如“总目标指导指数”。
他们参考了区域竞争力评价体系的结构，使用量化参数作为区域经济发展的能力、服务行业的规模、扩张速度、生产效率以及科学和技术能力等的指标。
他们还采用诸如主成分分析、因素分析和数据包分析（DEA）评价的分析方法来对几个省份的服务行业的竞争力进行测量。
就整体而言，关于中国的服务产业竞争力的研究主要是针对省市的，而其一般使用省份和城市规模意义上的综合数据。
因此，相关的郊区数据，特别关于农村地区经济的数据是无法得到的。
事实上，服务行业现在主要集中在中心城区发展。
在这些领域的数据，可以有效地反映一个城市的核心区域的服务行业的竞争情况。
另一方面，随着现代社会密集型发展趋势不断扩大，即使在同一个城市的几个中心城区都会服务业的发展有不同的侧重。
因此，只有通过分析影响每个中心区服务行业的竞争力的有利条件和不利因素，并分别进行研究，才能有效地提高全市服务业的发展。
3. 杭州服务行业的现状杭州在长江三角洲发挥着中心城市的作用，是三个最大的综合交通运输链之一。
近年来，杭州目标是成为“一个长江三角洲的中心的现代服务产业，构建现代产业体系”杭州全球金融危机中利用反相传输，加快产业结构升级，提高服务行业的质量，并鼓励服务企业发展壮大起来，从而在服务行业取得重大发展。
在2009年，杭州的服务行业获得了约13.9％的增长速度，约值247.352亿元，占国内生产总值为48.51％。
显然，服务业在杭州的经济发展已成为一个主要的发动机。
在服务业的内部结构中，杭州制定了10个领域的发展战略方向，包括文化创新、旅游、信息服务、金融服务、商业服务、现代物流、中介服务、房地产、社会服务和技术分工服务。
其中，文化创新、商业服务和金融服务行业的金额占整体服务业的15％以上，而房地产、信息服务、旅游和现代物流占近10％。
从上述数据可以看出，杭州的服务行业的产业结构已经优化到一定程度，有一些优势产业具备比较高的的增加值。
然而，杭州在服务行业的发展中也面临着许多的问题。
例如，服务行业的总量和结构的现代化程度远远落后如北京、上海、广州和深圳等城市。
此外，在长江三角洲的范围内，杭州的服务行业的总数落后于苏州城市，而在GDP中所占的比例则落后于南京。
对杭州来说，特别是在中部地区，它仍有许多方面需要改善以维持服务行业的快速发展，每一个中心区都应被视为发展的基本单元。
因此，针对每个区域的服务业发展的优势和劣势，杭州可以采用不同的可行策略。
4. 各个中心区的竞争力评价A. 指标体系区域服务业竞争力是一个涉及几个影响因素的功能性指标。
在前人研究的基础上，本文综合考虑了全面性、科学性和可得性方面的因素，从而对服务业的竞争力建立了评价指标体系，包括经济发展基础、发展水平、成长能力和技术能力这4个指标，以及二阶的12个指标。
B.评估过程和结果分析关于消除指标之间可能具有的相关性，本文采用因子分析方法来衡量服务业的竞争力。
在2009年每个中心区的相关数据的基础上，文章选取了浙江省7个中心城区和9个其他省份的中心地区，它们都有迅速而又发达的服务业。
以这些地区为样本做横向比较，文章找出了服务业的竞争力情况以及每个杭州中心区的优势和劣势。
Appraisal to the Competitiveness of Service Industry in Central Districts of Hangzhou and Its Improvement Strategy*Jianzhuang Zheng1 and Haixia Jiang21 Zhejiang University City College Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China2 Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College,Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaJianzhuangZheng@Abstract. The Competitiveness of the service industry directly reflects the development level and potential ability of service industry in district. This paper studies the current development of the service industry in Hangzhou, constructs an appraisal index system of the service industry in the central district perspective, analyses the advantages and disadvantages in the sustainable development of service industry in each central districts of Hangzhou, and finally, gives suggestions in the strategy to enhance the competitiveness of service industry of Hangzhou. Keywords: central district, service industry, competitiveness.1 IntroductionSince the 1980s, the global economics has showed an overall trend changes from ‘industry economic’ to ‘service economic’. The service industry is becoming a pivotal engine in the worldwide economic improvement (Li and Wang 2005). Its crucial role in the aspects of improving country economics, increasing employment rate, adjusting industry structure and upgrading level of living standard is apparent. In the internal view of a district, the development of service industry mainly occurs in the central districts instead of suburbs, due to the fact that central districts, regarded as the ‘heart’in economic development of a city, have favorable factors in geographic position, transportation and culture, which not only bring ‘magnetic power’ towards aggregation of productive factor, population and industry, but also benefit to the market development. Therefore, the central districts are becoming the major zones of service industry (Li 2007). This paper conducts an apprasial based on analysis of the service industry competitiveness in some central districts of Hangzhou, in order to search for an effective strategy to improve the service industry development in cities.2 The Literature of the Competitiveness of Service IndustryMost academic researches towards the service industry competitiveness are based on their competitive ability in regions. Thereby, the service industry competitiveness can be simply defined as ‘the ability and capability of service industry to obtain and utilize resources in the competition’. Researchers in the world are more concentrate on the competitive analysis of a particular service industry, e.g. the commercial service industry (Rubalcaba and Gago 2001), the insurance industry (Hardwick and Dou 1998), and knowledge-intensive service (Windrum and Tomlinson 1999). However in China, emphasis is put on a particular region rather than a particular industry, e.g. 31 main provinces in China (Wu 2003), 6 high-developed provinces in China (Diao and Zhuang 2004), 16 major provinces in China (Su and Zhang 2005). Due to the big amount of factors influencing serviceindustry competitiveness and their complexities, most Chinese scholars hold the proposition to establish a multi-layer integrated appraisal index system such as ‘General Objective-Guideline-Sub guideline-Index’. They make reference to the structure of regional competitiveness appraisal system, use quantities parameters as capability of regional economic development, scale of service industry, expanding speed, productive efficiency, science and technology capability and so on, use analytical methods like main element analysis, factor analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) appraisal, conduct measurement to the competitiveness of service industry in several provinces.On the whole, studies on the service industry competitiveness in China mainly target to provinces and cities, while using the integrated data in the scale of provinces and cities. Thus, relevant data about economic in suburbs, especially in rural areas, can not be derived. In fact, the service industry nowadays mainly develops in central districts. Data in these areas can effectively reflect the competition circumstances of service industry in the core region of a city. On the other hand, along with the trend of aggregation development in modern society, even those several central districts in the same city will have different emphasizes on the service industry development. Therefore, only by analyzing favorable and unfavorable factors affected the competitiveness of service industry in each central district and conducting research separately, can the development of the whole city’s service industry be improved effectively.3 The Current Situation of Service Industry in HangzhouHangzhou plays the role of central city in the Yangtze River delta and one of the three biggest integrated transportation hinges. In recent years, aiming to be ‘a modern service industry centre in Yangtze River delta’ and to construct a modern industry system, Hangzhou made use of the ‘Reversed Transmission’ in the global financial crisis, speeded the upgrading of industry structure, improved the quality of service industry and encouraged service enterprises to grow up. Significant development in the service industry is obtained. In 2009, the service industry in Hangzhou gained value about 247.352 billion Yuan with the increasing rate about 13.9%, accounted for 48.51% in GDP. Apparently, the service industry has become a major engine in the economic development of Hangzhou. From the internal structure of the service industry, Hangzhou makes division of ten fields in the development strategy direction, including culture & innovation, tourism, information service, financial service, commercial service, modern logistic, agency service, real estate, community service and technological service. Among them, the amount of culture & innovation, commercial service and financial service industry occupies more than 15% in the overall service industry, while real estate, information service, tourism and modern logistic accounting for nearly 10%. It can be seen from the data above that the industry structure of service industry in Hangzhou is already optimized to some extent, while some superior industries have relatively high adding-value.However, many problems are confronted by Hangzhou in the service industry development. For instance, the total amount of service industries and the structure modernization degree are far more behind of cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhouand Shenzhen. What’s more, in the scale of Yangtze River delta, Hangzhou falls behind cities of Suzhou in the total amounts of service industries and Nanjing in the proportion occupied in GDP. To Hangzhou, there are still many aspects needed to improve in order to sustain the rapid development of service industry, especially in the central districts. Every central district should be regarded as a basic development unit. Thus, different feasible strategies can be adopted aiming to the advantages and disadvantages of service industry development in each district.4 Competitiveness Appraisal in Each Central DistrictA. The Index SystemThe competitiveness of regional service industry is a function involving several influence factors. Based on former studies, the paper gives a integrated consideration to the comprehensiveness, scientificalness and acquirability, establishes an appraisal index system to the service industry competitiveness, comprising 4 first order indexes of Economic Development Foundation, Development Level, Growing Ability and Technological Capability, with 12 second order indexes under them (Table 1).B. The Appraisal Process and Outcome AnalysisConcerning to eliminate possible relativity between indexes, this paper adopts the factor analysis method to measure the service industry competitiveness. Based on relevant data of each central district in 2009, the paper selects 7 central districts within the Zhejiang Province and 9 central districts in other provinces, which all have fast-developed service industry. These districts are used as samples in the horizontal comparison to find out the service industry competitiveness situation and the advantages and disadvantages of each central district of Hangzhou.。