（宇宙）高中英语阅读短文《发现黑洞》及答案北京时间2019年4月10日21时，天文学家召开全球新闻发布会，宣布首次直接拍摄到黑洞的照片。
阅读题目，回答问题文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）Recently,scientists produced the first real image of a black hole,shining a light onone of the universe’s great mysteries,in a galaxy called Messier87.The image is not a photograph but an image created by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)ing a network of eight ground-based telescopes across the world,the EHT collected data to produce the image.The black hole itself is unseeable,as it’s impossible for light to escape from it;what we can see is its even thorizon.The EHT was also observing a black hole located at the centre of the Milky Way, but was unable to produce an image.While Messier87is furtheraway,it was easier to observe,due to its larger size.The golden ring is the event horizon,the moment an object approaching a black hole reaches a point of no return,unable to escape its gravitational pull.Objects that pass into the event horizon are thought to go through spaghettification（意大利面条化）,a process,first described by Stephen Hawking,in which they will be stretchedout like a piece of pasta by gravitational forces.Heino Falcke,professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at Radboud University in Nijmegen,and chair of the EHT science council, says the image shows asilhouette（剪影）of the hole against the surrounding glow of the event horizon,all of the matter being pulled into the hole.At the centre of the black hole is a gravitational singularity, where all matter is crushed into an infinitely small space.The black hole lies55m light years away from us.It is around100bn km wide,larger than the entire solar system and6.5bn times the mass of our sun.Through creating an image of a black hole,something previously thought to be impossible,the EHT project has made a break through in the understanding ofblack holes,whose existence has long been difficult to prove.The image will help physicists to better understand how black holes work and images of the event horizon are particularly important for testing the theory of general relativity.1.What’s the text mainly about?A.The image of a black hole.B.The photo created by the EHT.C.The event horizon of the black hole.D.The introduction of the EHT project.2.How does EHT collect data?A.By producing the image of a black hole.0B.By studying the golden ring in the photo.C.By observing the center of the Milky Way.D.By using a network of eight ground-based telescopes.3.What do we know about the black hole fromthe text?A.Its image shows a silhouette of the event horizon.B.There is a possibility that light can escape from it.C.All matter is crushed into small space at its centre.D.Objects will be stretched out outside the event horizon.4.What does the last paragraph mainly present?A.Creating an image of a black hole is thought to be impossible.B.It’sstill hard for physicists to prove the existence of the black hole.C.The image will help physicists to test the theory of general relativity.D.The image of a black hole created by EHT project is highly significant.参考答案：ADCD生词及长难句1.Galaxy n.星系the galaxy银河系2.event horizon视界德国天文学家卡尔·史瓦西计算出一个巨大天体可扭曲周围空间，以至于连光都无法逃脱，这个特定的半径就是我们所致的史瓦西半径，也可以称之为“视界”。
3.gravitational pull万有引力（较为口语化）同gravitational forces4.spaghettification意大利面条化简单来说，如果你和黑洞靠得太近，你就会被拉长，就像意大利面一样。
之所以会产生这种效应，是因为你的身体各处存在引力梯度，即受到的引力大小有差别。
5.radioastronomy射电天文学6.astroparticlephysics天文粒子物理学7.gravitationalsingularity引力奇点8.solarsystem太阳系9.general relativity广义相对论1916年，爱因斯坦用他天才的物理直觉，提出广义相对论，颠覆了人类对时空本质的认知。
黑洞是广义相对论中，宇宙空间内存在的一种密度极大体积极小的天体。
黑洞的引力很大，连光都无法逃脱。
时隔一百年后，这张黑洞“证件照”又为印证爱因斯坦相对论的正确性提供了直接的“视觉”证据。
10.Objectsthat pass into the event horizon are thought to go through spaghettification,aprocess,first described by Stephen Hawking,in which they will be stretchedout like a piece of pasta by gravitational forces.句子主干：Objects are thought to go throughspaghettification.译文：进入视界的物体被认为经历了意大利面化，这一过程最初由斯蒂芬霍金描述，在引力的作用下，物体会像意大利面一样被拉长。
知识拓展黑洞无法被“看见”，怎么知道它的存在？黑洞自身不发射和反射电磁波，所以仪器和肉眼都无法直接观测到它，天文学家们主要通过各种间接证据去确认它的存在。
一是恒星、气体的运动会透露黑洞的踪迹。
黑洞有强引力，对周围的恒星、气体会产生影响，可以通过观测这种影响来确认黑洞的存在。
二是根据黑洞吸积物质，也就是“吃东西”时发出的光来判断黑洞的存在。
三是通过看到黑洞成长的过程“看”见黑洞。
什么样的黑洞最适合拍照？黑洞阴影和周围环绕的新月般光环非常小，要想拍摄到黑洞照片，必须找到一个看起来角直径足够大的黑洞作为目标。
科学家们甄选之后，选择了近邻的两个黑洞作为主要目标：一个是位于人马座方向的银河系中心黑洞Sgr A*，另一个则是位于射电星系M87的中心黑洞M87*。
Sgr A*黑洞的质量大约相当于400万个太阳，所对应的视界面尺寸约为2400万公里，相当于17个太阳的大小，其与地球相距2.5万光年之遥。
M87中心黑洞的质量约为太阳的65亿倍，距离地球5500万光年，虽然M87中心黑洞与地球的距离比SgrA*与地球之间的距离更远，但因其质量庞大，所以照片“主角”最终选择了M87中心的超大质量黑洞。