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酒店收益管理



Why do we forecast (Cont.)? 我们为什么要预测(继续)? (2) Help operations serve guests better 帮助酒店各运营部门更好地服务客人 – By knowing how many rooms we are going to sell, housekeeping, front office, food and beverage, and other operating departments are able to staff more effectively and efficiently. 知道我们将出售多少客房可以让客房部、前台、 餐饮部以及其他部门更有效地分配员工。 – Forecasts are one way that investors measure the value of the company because they show whether the company has a “handle” on its business. 预测是投资者考量公司价值的方法之一,因为预 测可以显示公司是否能够掌控其业务。
3. Revenue Management Success Stories 收益管理成功范例
• American Airlines (美国航空公司) $500 million increase in annual revenue 年收入增加五亿美元 • Marriott (万豪酒店管理集团) $100 million increase in annual revenue 年收入增加一亿美元 • National car rental (全美汽车租赁公司) Turned from the brink of bankruptcy to a company growing at a 20% annual rate 由面临破产转而成为年增长率20%的公司
现代酒店管理
第二节 酒店收益管理


【教学目的和要求】 通过教学使学生基本掌握酒店收益管理理论 重点、难点:酒店收益管理的定价、客房控制
案例5.3 源于美国航空业的收益管理
一、Summary of Revenue Management 收益管理概述
Question 问 题
• What is Revenue Management? 什么是收益管理? • Components of Revenue Management 收益管理的组成部分
1. Revenue Management in Real Life 收益管理的运用
Necessary Conditions 必要条件
• Relatively fixed Capacity 相对固定的库存量 • Time-perishable Inventory 非耐久性产品 • Time-variable Demand 季节性需求量 • Appropriate Cost Structure 合理的成本结构 • Segmented Market 市场细分化 • Advance Booking 预订
3. 理解收益定价 当你在美国下榻旅馆饭店时,有时会发现 你的房价比隔壁同样的房间贵了许多!这 是怎么回事呢?其中很大的原因是由于收 益管理在后面运作的结果。
(1)RM Component—Pricing for Transient Business 散客定价
• Based on Unconstrained Demand 根据“无限制需求” • This means we price differently not only based on when guests arrive, but also on how long they stay 我们不但根据客人到达时间,也根据停留时间长短进行定价 • It is possible to have a different price for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7+ night lengths of stay, based on demand 根据实际需求,对于1~7晚等不同停留时间可以有不同的价格 • This approach ensures that we maximize revenue not only for a particular high-demand day, but also for all other time periods. 这一方法确保我们不但在高需求日,也在其余时段收益最大化。 • Best Available Rates (BAR) are quoted to customers who do not qualify for a specific discount or group rate 我们向无法享受折扣价的客人提供最优门市价
2. What is Revenue Management? 什么是收益管理?
• Selling the right PRODUCT for the right PRICE to the right PEOPLE at the right TIME through the right DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL in order to MAXIMIZE REVENUE for the hotel
在适当的时间、通过适当的分销渠道、以适当 的价格、向适当的客户销售适当的产品,以此 最大化酒店的收益。
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• PRODCUT: Room Types, Room Nights, F&B, Meeting Space 产品:房型,房晚, 餐饮, 会议设施 • PRICE: Group, Transient, Wholesale, etc 价格:团队价、散客价、批发价及其他 • PEOPLE: Corporate, Leisure, etc 客户:商务客、休闲客及其他 • TIME: Seasonality, Weekday vs. Weekend, LOS 时间: 季节性,周中 vs. 周末,住客时间长短 • DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL 分销渠道 – Call Center 电话预订中心 – On property 酒店直接定房 – GDS (Global Distribution System) 全球分销系统 – 品牌网站 – 3rd Party Channels (Ctrip, Elong, Expedia) 第三方渠道(携程、易龙、Hotwire)
(1) Determine pricing


• Higher demand = Higher price (Supply and Demand economics), but must consider price sensitivity as well. 需求增加 = 价格抬升 (供求经济学),但也必须考虑价格 敏感度。 • Capture desirable demand and reject undesirable demand in order to maximize revenue and profit for all time. 满足理想的需求,回绝不理想的需求来最大化每时每刻的 收益和利润。 • Room nights are perishable commodities. You only get one chance to sell a hotel room for a given night. If you don’t sell it, the opportunity is gone forever. 客房是“非耐久性”商品。你只能在特定的一个晚上销售 某间客房。如果届时你没有卖出它,这永远失去了卖出机 会。
• How do we create our forecasts? 我们如何建立预测? Based on history 根据历史 Based on trends in the economy and market 根据经济和市场趋势 Based on future outlook 根据对未来的展望
1. RM Component—Competitive Anrmine the “Competitive Set” 帮助确定“竞争对手组”
(1)A hotel’s closest competitors in terms of product, geography, and/or type of business 在产品、地理位置以及/或客户方面最接近的竞争对手 (2)Primary and secondary competitive sets 主要竞争对手组以及次要竞争对手组 (3)Macro-Level: Determine the value of the hotel in the overall marketplace based on the product positioning 宏观层面:根据产品确定酒店在市场中的定位及价值 (4)Micro-Level: Benchmark performances against competitors 微观层面:衡量与竞争对手表现差异
2. RM Component—Forecasting 预测
• Why do we forecast? 我们为什么要预测? 确定价格
Based on UNCONSTRAINED DEMAND 基于”无限制的需求” Unconstrained demand = the number of people who would have stayed at the hotel if it had an infinite number of rooms. 无限制需求 = 假设酒店无房间数限制情况下的住店客人 数 Must measure unconstrained demand to determine price sensitivity of the customer. All customers have different price sensitivities based on product, market, and individual needs. 必须通过衡量无限制的需求来了解客人的价格敏感度。 所有客人都有不同的价格敏感度,这取决于产品、市场 与个人需求。
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