School age
Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
Ribovirin
Antivirus drugs
3-5 days
Oseltamivir
Antibiotics
Penicillin SMZ
3-5 days
Sever symptomatic;
Secondary bacteria affection
40-44/min 30/min 24/min 22/min 20/min
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory type
Respiratory type of abdomen Respiratory type of chest abdomen
呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述（英文版）
路漫漫其悠远
少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤
呼吸系统疾病
Respiratory System Disease
湘雅医院儿科 郑湘榕
重点
婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点 支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点 支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗 支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗
❖In pediatric outpatient, 6o% patients are acute respiratory infections.
Ｖirus： Ｏccupy 90% Ｂacteria： Ｓecondary
Streptococus pyogens Pneumococcu Ｈaemophilus influenzae
Common AURI
In infant and toddler
Local symptom is mild Systemic symptom is severe Complications are common
Examine Method
Ｐhysical examination inspection
➢ Change of respiratory rate ➢ Cyanopathy ➢ Three concave sign
Ａuscultation
急性上呼吸道感染
（AURI）
Acute Upper Respiratory Infection
➢The children’s repertory ability is low. ➢The children’s local immunity is low.
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory rate
Neonate <1year 2-3years 4-7years 8-14years
(肠道病毒感染时可出现皮疹)
Special AURI
Herpangina 疱疹性咽峡
炎
➢ 柯萨奇病毒A组感染 ➢ 夏秋好发 ➢ 高热、咽痛、流涎 ➢ 咽腭弓、软腭处有疱疹
疱疹破溃后可形成溃疡 ➢ 病程 1 周左右
Special AURI
Pharyngoconjunctival
fever 咽结合膜热
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lungs
It is caused by microorganisms or noninfectious causes
Manifested by fever,cough, tachypnea , respiratory distress and rales
On anatomic basis
➢ 腺病毒 3，7 型所致 ➢ 春夏发病，可小流行 ➢ 发热、咽炎、结合膜炎 ➢ 咽部充血、结合膜充血，颈部、 耳后淋巴结肿大 ➢ 病程 1~2 周
Infant , toddler
Tympanitis, sinusitis Abscess of pharynx posterior-wall Laryngitis, bronchitis Pneumonia
?
Why children are so susceptible to
acute respiratory infections
anatomic physiological features
➢The children’s respiratory lumens are narrow, blood flow is abundant.
Common AURI
Ｐhysical examination
Congestion of pharyngeal portion, antiadoncus
(咽部充血，扁桃体肿大)
Lymphadenectasis in submaxilla
(有时下颌、淋巴结肿大)
Rash when enterovirus infection
Defபைடு நூலகம்rvesce
Drugs Physics methods
Febril convulsion
Calm Stop convulsion Defervesce
肺炎
Pneumonia
In world,Occupy 1/3-1/4 in the death of children under
5 years of age
Children familiar disease
In china, Occupy more than 1/4 in paediatric ward
The hospitalization number of infant and toddler is 39.5 times
of school age
Definition
❖In pediatric ward, 25% patients are Pneumonia. ❖The first cause of children’s death in China is Pneumonia. ❖Pneumonia is the world's leading cause of death among children. It kills nearly two million children under age five every year.