效应T细胞和其他白细 胞迁移到感染部位
在外周效应T细胞 遭遇抗原
效应T细胞活化
T细胞的效应功能
Types of adaptive immune responses
T cell subsets
.
Types of cell-mediated immune reactions
CD4+ Th responses CD8+ CTL responses
CD40L/CD40
Deliver contact-mediated signals
activates the transcription factors nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) and activation protein-1 (AP-1)
Increases the response to IFN-
microbes residing in the cytoplasm of various cell types
CD4+ Th2 responses
helminthic parasites
CD4+ Th17 responses
extracellular bacteria, fungi….. Defects in CMI result in increased susceptibility to infection by viruses and intracellular bacteria
T cell signals that activate macrophages
IFN-
CD40L-CD40 interactions
Central role of Th1 in the activation of macrophage
IFN-
The major sources: Th1, CD8+ T cells The major macrophage-activating cytokine Stimulates the microbicidal activities of phagocytes Stimulates the production of IgG Abs to promote the phagocytosis of microbes
Th1-Mediated Immune Responses
The physiological role of Th1 cells
phagocyte-mediated defense against infections, especially with intracellular microbes
T细胞免疫应答及其效大学
免疫应答的三个阶段
识 别
活 化
效 应
Overview of generation of T cell and T cell responses in vivo
淋巴器官内 抗原识别
应答诱导
T细胞扩增和分化
分化的细胞 进入循环
Types of T cell-mediated immune response
Major mediators of T cell-mediated immune responses Cytokines Membrane proteins
TNF family members: CD40L, TNF-, FasL
Pathological roles of Th1 cell
Many organ-specific autoimmune diseases and inflammatory reactions are due to excessive activation of Th1 cells
Effector functions of Th1 cells
Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
T cell-dependent immune reactions that cause normal tissues injury
NK cell mediated
innate immunity, kill infected cell early
Th2-Mediated Immune Responses
The physiological role of Th2 cells
Elimination of helminthic infection
Pathological roles of Th2 cell
The underlying cause of allergic reactions
Clinical evidence Humans with inherited mutations in CD40L (X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome) : severe deficiencies in CMI to intracellular microbes
The effector functions of activated macrophages
Killing of phagocytosed microbes
Become the more efficient APCs
Stimulation of acute inflammation
Tissue Repair
Activation and functions of macrophages in CMI
Different types of microbes elicit distinct protective T cell responses
CD4+ Th1 responses
microbes residing within the phagosomes of phagocytes
CD8+ CTL responses
Effector functions of Th2 cells
Promotion of antigen-specific IgE production