引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。
切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！非谓语动词（to do, doing ,done ）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）：下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法：动名词（doing ）作主语1) Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
改错：Play Taiji benefits our health.Playing Taiji benefits our health. （动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing 或to do ）2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football ．打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain ．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth．It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。
动词不定式（to do）作主语（具体的/个别的或将来的动作，多用不定式作主语）To read this book is very interesting.To be a teacher is his dream.动名词作宾语1）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：Suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help(禁不住)，mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, keep, leave off, put off, keep on, give up + doingeg. He tries to avoid making mistakes.The man missed being chose by that world-famous company.2）begin, start, like, love, hate, propose, prefer, dislike, continue, want, need, stop, forget, remember, regret, try, delay, go ondoing (正在做的)（like, dislike, love + doing一般性的爱好）（go on, stop, continue + doing一件事情）+to do （去做）（like, dislike, love + to do某次具体的动作）（go on, stop, continue + to do两件事情）做过mean doing 意味着try doing尝试着做remember to do 去做mean to do 打算做try to do 试图做forget doing忘记做过regret doing 后悔做…forget to do忘记去做regret to do后悔去做…3）want, need, require表示“需要…”want物+ need + doing (=to be done)requireHis clothes needed mending (to be mended).These young trees will require looking after.动词不定式作宾语Wish, hope, agree, ask, promise, decide, expect, manage, offer, pretend, plan, refuse, care, fail, afford, determine等+ to do.Did you agree to go to the park yesterday afternoon?Everybody wishes to have good health.动名词(现在分词)作表语1)M y job is teaching.His hobby is believing.Our work is serving the people. （表示抽象的、一般的动作）2)现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质特征，译为“令人…”，常见的词有moving,amusing, astonishing, frightening, relaxing, shocking, worrying等。
eg. The news she brought us was very exciting.动词不定式作表语eg. Our work is to serve the people. (表示具体的、将来的某次动作) His dream is to travel across the wild island in the world.动名词（doing）（a walking stick, boilin g water, a falling leaf, asleeping baby）---主动，进行前置定语过去分词（done）（a fallen leaf, a broken watch, boiled water, afinished task）--- 被动，完成动词不定式(to do)–（I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)We have made a plan to learn from LeiFeng.That's the way to do it.）---目的，将来动名词（doing）the children playing the park(the children who are playing the park)后置定语（本质上是省略了引导词过去分词（done）a book written in 17 C和系动词的定语从句）(a book which is written in 17 C)动词不定式(to do) a building to be built next month(a building which is to be built next month)第一类：两动作由同一主语发出，把前面动作处理成分词引导状语从句。
现在分词doing 表示时间，原因，让步等状语。
-----与主语是主动进行。
1.Being sick, he didn’t go to work. （原因状语）2.Having no money, I borrowed some from Johan. （原因状语）3.The Iraq War went on for months, killing a lot of ordinary people. （结果状语）4.Seeing from the top of tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. （时间状语）5.Walking along the bank, I met a friend. （时间状语）6.They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.（伴随状语）过去分词done 表示时间，让步等状语。
---与主语是被动完成(过去)。
1.Given another chance, I’m sure I will be successful.2.Seen from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful.3.Followed by a dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.动词不定式to do表示目的，将来状语作状语。
---与主语是目的将来。
1.To finish the job on time, I have to hurry my steps.2.To reach the airport to see my sister off, I have to take a lift.第二类：前后句意不是同一个逻辑主语时，把前面表示时间、问题、天气、事物的名词或代词后的动词处理成分词引导状语从句：分词的独立主格结构。
1.The problem solved, he went back home. (问题被解决)2.Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend. （时间允许）3.The report having been read, a lively discussion began. （报告被读完）1）doing作宾补和前面的宾语其实形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
I found a bag l ying on the ground.The boss kept the workers working the whole night.4)用doing形式作宾补的动词有：a.感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, 等。
I see him stealing money from the women.Can you smell anything burning?注意：感官动词+动作正在进行（原形）动作完成we heard the telephonewe heard the telephone ringing.b.使役性动词：have, set, keep, get, catch, leave, let, makeI won’t have you d oing that.我不能容忍你那么做。