Unit9海运提单一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 intern ational sales of goods: 国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。
1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. B roadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on boa rd a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and sta ting the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship. (海运提单的定义，掌握)注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。
总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。
1-3 课文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of th e terms of the contract.注释：actual: 实际的，真实的excellent: 极好的，卓越的 evidence: 证据，凭证课文意思：提单不是实际的合同，但却构成据以履行合同条款极好的保证。
我国《海商法》对提单的定义：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。
二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的作用海洋提单的三个作用(考试重点)1.Receipt for the goods shipped 货物装船的收据课文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiabl e consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loade d on board his ship.注释：receipt: 收据 issue: 签发 carrier: 承运人 identifiable: 可以确认的c onsignment: (货物的)交托，交货，发货，运送课文意思：提单是由承运人签发的有关承运人已接管提单所明确记载的货物或将货物装船的证明。
课文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition o f the cargo loaded, ship’s name, port of loading, the destination, details of date and so on.注释：condition: 条件，环境，情形 destination: 目的地 details: 详细资料a nd so on: 等等课文意思：提单作为收据将会列明所装载货物的数量和情况，船舶的名称，装运港，目的地，以及详细的日期等等。
2.Document of title to the goods. 货物的物权凭证课文：A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods. The possession of a bill of lading is equivalent in law to possession of the goods.注释：document of title: 物权凭证possession：所有，所有权，持有，占有 eq uivalent: 相等的，相当的，同意义的课文意思：提单是货物的物权凭证。
持有提单在法律上等同于持有货物。
课文：The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the go ods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading.注释：holder: 持有者，所有者 be able to: 能够 obtain: 获得，得到port of destination：目的港 transit: 运输，运送merely: 仅仅，只不过endorse: 背书，在(票据)背面签名，认可课文意思：提单的持有者可以在目的港提取货物并且在货物的运输期间可以仅仅通过背书提单将货物卖掉。
3.Evidence of contract 合同的证明课文：Additionally, the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract.注释：additionally: 另外，加之，又term: 条款 provide: 提供，规定evide nce: 证据，证明课文意思：另外，提单的条款也为承运人与托运人之间运输合同提供了证明。
提单的条款包含了合同中的条款。
三、Types of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的类型 (考试重点)3-1 Order Bills of Lading 指示提单特点：1. Order bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consignee.指示提单是由承运人签发给指定的托运人或者收货人。
2.The carrier, shipowner, charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee, but to any person desig nated by him. 承运人，船东，租船人或者船长将在目的港交货，不用单独交付给指定的收货人，可交付给任何其指定的人。
(注释：master: 船长 solely: 独自地，单独地 design ated: 指定的，派定的)3. An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. 一份指示提单是一份可转让单据。
(注释：negotiable document: 可转让单据)4. Order bills made out to consignee “or order” can be transferred by the m by endorsement. 提单载明收货人或“由某人指示”的指示提单可通过收货人或指示人背书进行转让。
(注释：make out: 填写，书写，说明transfer: 转让，过户 endorsemen t: 背书)3-2 Straight Bills of Lading 记名提单特点：1.In contrast with the order bills of lading, straight bills are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. 与指示提单相比，记名提单载明指定的收货人而没有附加“由某人指示”的措辞。
(注释：in con trast with: 对比，和...形成对比)2.Straight bills of lading is not negotiable and cannot be transferred to t hird parties. 记名提单是不可转让的，不能转让给第三方。
(注释：third parties: 第三方)3.Delivery of goods can only be taken by the named consignee. 只能由指定的收货人提取货物。
3-3 Shipped Bills of Lading 已装船提单特点：1. Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confi rms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已装船提单明确表明货物已装船，确定货物已实际装上船舶。
( 注释：state: 陈述，表明 definitely: 明确地，干脆地 confirm: 确定，确认 actually: 实际上，事实上)2.Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提单格式都会被打印成已装船提单格式并且标注“已装船外表状况明显良好“的措辞。