语法专题第一部分词法专题I 名词、冠词一、名词的分类(一)可数名词：单数和_____数。
A、可数名词单数变复数：将下列名词变成复数形式，并总结一下可数名词单数变复数的规律。
1.glass/box/watch/wish___2.(1) radio/zoo/kilo/photo/piano_____ (2) Negro(黑人)/hero/tomato/potato______3.country/city/dictionary/strawberry______4.key/boy/holiday_____5.leaf/half/-self/knife_____B、记住：少数名词的复数形式比较特殊：1.man---______woman---_________policeman---____________German---_______2.child---_______3.foot---________ tooth---_________ mouse----_________4.Chinese---_________Japanese---__________people---_________sheep---_______ fish(指鱼的条数)---________ deer---________(二)不可数名词：是指不能以数目来计算，不可分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或物质材料的东西。
如：friendship, love, milk, tea, fun等，它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，但它的前面不能用a/an。
如果要表示它的个体意义时，其表示法：“数词+ 单位（s/es）+of+不可数名词”二、名词所有格（...的...）1.有生命的名词（人）：---’s(单数), ---s’(复数), 如：玛丽的书：______________; 儿童节：____________________;母亲节：________________; 教师节：____________________2.无生命的名词（物）：--of---, --- to---，如：一张中国地图：___________________ 一张全家福：_____________________这个问题的答案：_________________ ....的秘诀：________________________三、冠词：1. 分类：不定冠词（___/___）和定冠词（____）2.用法：放在名词前修饰或限定名词。
Exx:(1) ____UFO ____useful book_____university_____European country(2)____eight-year-old girl ____unusual day ____hour ____honest boy(3)____Great Wall ____second language ____longest river _____rich/poorI received a gift on New Year’s Day. ____ gift is very beautiful.专题II 代词teach oneself___________ help oneself to +食物__________二、不定代词3.一些：（1）some/any+ _____/_____ （2）several+______数4.a few +____数，译为______; few + _____数，译为_______a little + _____数名词，译为______; little + ______数名词，译为________.5.both _______,neither_________, either_______.A. Both you and I _______(be) students.B. Neither you nor I ________(be) students.C. Neither of my parents ________(be) Japanese.D. Either of the answer ______(be) right.6.all________, none_________, any_________.7.区别other, others, the other, the others, another.8.区别each 和every: (1) each/every +____词_____数(2) each of + 代词9.指示代词单复数：this/______; that/_________.10.疑问代词：what______; who/whom_______; whose________; which_________【提升练习】（）1.These books are not _____, but_______.A.our; yoursB. yours; theirsC.him; mine（）2.—Is this picture______? —No, it’s not______.A.your; mineB.yours; myC.yours; mine（）3.Tom did all the work by_______. A. him B. himself C.he（）4.Your teacher must be in the office. I_____saw her a minute ago.A.meB. myC. myself（）5._____was colder yesterday than today. A. It B. That C.This （）6.There is _____milk at home. Let’s go to buy some.A.littleB. a littleC. a fewD. few（）7._____are in the same school.A.You, he and IB. You, I and heC. I, you and he（）8.My parents are ________interested in Jazz. A. all B. both C.each （）9. I am new here. So I have ____friends. A. a few B. few C. little （）10.There is only ______ water in the bowl. A. a little B. a few D. little专题III 形容词、副词一、形容词、副词的用法：1.the+adj.表示一类人或物复数。
E.g: 穷人很可怜。
_____ poor _____ poor.2.形容词+ly→副词。
注意：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely等都是形容词。
【练习】（1）Sports stars are healthy because they usually eat _____(good/well).(2)_______, I was alive after a big earthquake. (luck/lucky/luckily)(3)The food in the restaurant tastes ________(good/ well)二、形容词、副词的比较级：分为_____级、_____级和______级。
1.+er/est2.more/less+多音节词；the most/least +多音节词3.记住以下不规则变化：good/well -______-_______ bad/badly/ill -______-____ many/much -______-________ little -_______-_______ far -________-_________ old -_______-________4.句型：（1）越...越......：The+比较级+（陈述句一），the +比较级+（陈述句二）。
The+more...., the more .....(2)越来越....：比较级and比较级；more and more+原形(3)和...一样：as+原级+as... ；(4)和...不一样：not as/so....as...【练习】1.Which is ______, the sun or the moon? A.big B. bigger C.biggest3.Whose handwriting is_____, Lin Tao, Jim or Tom? A.good B.better C.best4.He is one of_____teachers in our school.A.popularB. more popularC. the most popular5.I’ll work _____I can. A. as hard as B. as hardly as C. so hard as专题IV 数词、介词、连词一、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。
用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。
1.基数词（hundred, thousand, million, trillion）100—one hundred 200—two hundred 250—two hundred and fifty365—three hundred and sixty-five 3000—three thousand30,000—thirty thousand 5000,000—five million1,000,000,000—one trillion2.基数词变序数词的方法：一二三，特殊记，th从四上起，八加h, 九减e, f要把ve替。
One—______ two—_______three—________ four—________five—________ eight—________ nine—________twenty—________twelve—_________ twenty-one—___________3.数词的应用：A.时刻表达法：a.整点：基数词+ o’clock eg: It’s eight o’clock.b.几点几分：1.直接表达法：先小时后分eg: 3:25 three twenty-five2.间接表达法：先分后小时1）（<30分钟）用past：分钟+past+小时eg: 3：25 twenty-five past three2）（>30分钟）用to: (60-分钟)+to+（小时数+1）3）30分钟=_______; 15分钟= a _________B.序数词与不定冠词a/an连用表“又一，再一”Eg: You’ve done it three times. Why don’t you try a fourth time?C.分数的表达：分子（基数）/ 分母（序数）Eg: one third (三分之一) two thirds(三分之二)注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s；2.含分数的短语作主语时由分数后的名词决定谓语形式。